Frank Raguse
Frank Raguse was a German American laborer and Socialist politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was elected to represent Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Senate, but was expelled after four months due to controversy over comments deemed "unpatriotic".
Background
Raguse was born in Germany in 1887. He came to the United States with his parents in 1892 when he was five years of age and resided in Milwaukee ever since. He attended the Milwaukee Public Schools, dropping out at the age of 13 "to earn his own living... at various occupations".Senate service
He was a self-described "unskilled laborer" when he was elected to Wisconsin's 8th State Senate district in 1916, receiving 4,945 votes against 3,690 for Herbert H. Manger, 3,440 for A. E. Martin and 150 for S. P. Todd.Expulsion
On April 26, 1917, Raguse became only the second member of the Wisconsin legislature ever to be expelled, when the Senate voted to remove him for contempt of the Senate after he refused to sign a statement that he: claimed to be an American citizen; reaffirmed his allegiance to the United States; and retracted and apologized for comments that were deemed unpatriotic by those opponents. In an April 24 speech on the floor of the Senate, Raguse had specifically accused the McKinley administration of having plotted the sinking of the Maine in order to bring about the Spanish–American War, and stated that the same spirit was present at the current time. He apologized to the Senate for his "tactless" remarks, and offered to put the apology in writing; and volunteered to join the armed forces himself, if an able-bodied non-Socialist senator would agree to join along with him. However, Raguse refused to sign the statement written by his political opponents, which he deemed a virtual retraction of his Socialist principles, and which implied that his status as a citizen was subject to question.Some press coverage over the years has claimed that Raguse was the first Wisconsin legislator to be expelled; but James Vineyard had been expelled from the council of the Wisconsin Territory in 1842 for shooting and killing a fellow legislator, Charles C. P. Arndt, on the floor of that body.