February 1944

[February 1], 1944 (Tuesday)

• The Soviets began the Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive. The Soviet 2nd Shock Army captured Kingisepp.
• Japanese destroyer Umikaze was torpedoed and sunk off Truk by the American submarine Guardfish.
• The French Forces of the Interior was created, unifying all French Resistance movements.
• Clothing restrictions were ended in Britain after two years, lifting unpopular limitations on the number of buttons, pockets and pleats on clothes.
• The Bolu–Gerede earthquake killed almost 4,000 people in Turkey.
• Died: Franz Kutschera, 39, Austrian Nazi politician, SS-Brigadeführer and war criminal ; Piet Mondrian, 71, Dutch painter

  [February 2], 1944 (Wednesday)

• The Battle of Cisterna ended in German victory.
• The Battle of Narva began on the Eastern Front. The Battle for Narva Bridgehead began that day.
• Born: Geoffrey Hughes, actor, in Wallasey, England

  [February 3], 1944 (Thursday)

• German forces counterattacked at Anzio and effectively sealed the beachhead.
• The Battle of Kwajalein ended in United States victory.
• Born: Trisha Noble, singer and actress, in Marrickville, New South Wales, Australia
• Died: Yvette Guilbert, 79, French cabaret singer and actress

  [February 4], 1944 (Friday)

• The Soviet 42nd Army captured Gdov.
• German submarine U-854 struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea.

  [February 5], 1944 (Saturday)

• The Battle of the Admin Box began in the Burma Campaign.
• In the Ukrainian sector, the Soviet 13th and 60th Armies captured Lutsk and Rovno.
• Born: Al Kooper, songwriter, record producer and musician, in Brooklyn, New York

  [February 6], 1944 (Sunday)

• German submarine U-177 was depth charged and sunk off Ascension Island in the South Atlantic by an American B-24.
• Over the night of February 6/7 some 200 Soviet bombers attacked Helsinki, the heaviest bombing of the Finnish capital since the war began.

  [February 7], 1944 (Monday)

• President Roosevelt asked Stalin not to allow the Polish border issue to undermine future international co-operation. Roosevelt proposed that the Polish Prime Minister accept the desired territorial changes and then be allowed to alter the makeup of his government without any evidence of foreign pressure.
• With the Red Army approaching Estonia's borders, Prime Minister Jüri Uluots broadcast a speech over the radio calling on the Estonian people to fight alongside the Germans against the bigger perceived threat to Estonian freedom.

  [February 8], 1944 (Tuesday)

• The German prisoner transport ship Petrella was sunk off Crete with the loss of 2,670 Italian POWs aboard.
• The Japanese troopship Lima Maru was torpedoed and sunk southeast of the Gotō Islands by the American submarine. The ship sank quickly and as many as 2,765 lives were lost.
• The Brazzaville Conference concluded.
• Born:
• *Roger Lloyd-Pack, actor, in Islington, London, England
• *Sebastião Salgado, photographer and photojournalist, in Aimorés, Brazil
• * Isao Shibata, former Japanese baseball player, in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture

  [February 9], 1944 (Wednesday)

• During the Battle of Anzio, German forces captured Aprilia from the British 1st Infantry Division which continued to hold "The Factory".
• German submarines U-238 and U-734 were both sunk southwest of Ireland by British warships.
• Bishop of Chichester George Bell started a debate in the House of Lords over the morality of the bombing of European cities when he made a speech questioning the practice. "I recognize the legitimacy of concentrated attack on industrial and military objectives, on airfields and air bases, in view especially of the coming of the Second Front," the Bishop said. "I fully realize that in attacks on centres of war industry and transport the killing of civilians when it is the result of bona-fide military activity is inevitable. But there must be a fair balance between the means employed and the purpose achieved. To obliterate a whole town because certain portions contain military and industrial establishments is to reject the balance ... How can there be discrimination in such matters when civilians, monuments, military objectives and industrial objectives all together form the target? How can the bombers aim at anything more than a great space when they see nothing and the bombing is blind?"
• Born: Alice Walker, author and activist, in Putnam County, Georgia

  [February 10], 1944 (Thursday)

• The Landing at Saidor ended in Allied victory.
• The Japanese destroyer Minekaze was sunk south of Formosa by the American submarine Pogy.
• German submarine U-545 was scuttled after being depth charged and crippled west of the Hebrides by a Vickers Wellington of No. 612 Squadron RAF.
• German submarine U-666 went missing on patrol in the North Atlantic and never returned.
• Born: Peter Allen, singer-songwriter, in Tenterfield, New South Wales, Australia

  [February 11], 1944 (Friday)

• At the Anzio beachhead, German forces captured "The Factory" from the British 1st Division.
• The Soviets announced the recapture of Shepetovka.
• German submarine U-283 was sunk southwest of the Faroe Islands by a Wellington bomber of 407 Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Force.
• German submarine U-424 was depth charged and sunk southwest of Ireland by British sloops Wild Goose and Woodpecker.
• Sermon denouncing racial prejudice at Saint Louis University, a Catholic, Div 1 research school in Missouri, delivered by Father Claude H. Heithaus, S. J. Fr. Hiethaus was promptly, forcibly transferred out of state, but less than 6 months later, the first 5 negroes enrolled at SLU in summer of '44. SLU became the first historically white institution of higher learning in a former slave state to admit persons of color.
• Born: Mike Oxley politician, in Findlay, Ohio
• Died: Carl Meinhof, 86, German linguist

  [February 12], 1944 (Saturday)

• During the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, the German III Panzerkorps captured Vinograd and Lysianka but could make no more progress in relieving the Korsun pocket.
• The German steamboat Oria sank in a storm sailing from Rhodes to Piraeus with over 4,000 Italian prisoners of war aboard. It was one of the worst disasters of all time in the Mediterranean Sea.
• The British troop ship Khedive Ismail was torpedoed and sunk in the Indian Ocean with the loss of 1,297 people by Japanese submarine I-27, which was then sunk by British warships.
• Japanese submarine Ro-110 was depth charged and sunk in the Bay of Bengal by Allied warships.
• Born: Moe Bandy, country music singer, in Meridian, Mississippi
• Died: Kenneth Gandar-Dower, 35, English sportsman, explorer and author ; Margaret Woodrow Wilson, 57, eldest daughter of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and First Lady after her mother's death

  [February 13], 1944 (Sunday)

• The Allies dropped weapons for the Resistance in Haute-Savoie.
• Aircraft of the 14th U.S. Army Air Force raided Hong Kong.
• The submarine rescue ship USS Macaw sank at Midway Island after running aground.
• The Norwegian cargo ship Henry and passenger ship Irma were controversially sunk off Kristiansund by two ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy, who claimed the Irma and Henry were without lights or national markings.
• Born: Sal Bando, baseball player, in Cleveland, Ohio ; Stockard Channing, actress, in New York City; Michael Ensign, actor, in Safford, Arizona; Jerry Springer, news anchor, 56th Mayor of Cincinnati and tabloid talk show host, in London, England
• Died: Edgar Selwyn, 68, American actor, director and producer of stage and screen

  [February 14], 1944 (Monday)

• Action of 14 February 1944: In one of the few naval engagements in the Asian and Pacific theater to involve German and Italian forces, the British submarine Tally-Ho sank the German-commanded U-boat UIT-23.
• The United States declared neutrality in the border dispute between Poland and the Soviet Union.
• Born: Carl Bernstein, investigative journalist and author, in Washington, D.C.; Alan Parker, filmmaker, in Islington, London, England

  [February 15], 1944 (Tuesday)

• As part of the Battle of Narva, the Soviets began the first Narva Offensive.
• New Zealand troops landed on the Green Islands.
• Japanese cruiser Agono was torpedoed north of Truk by the American submarine Skate and sank two days later.
• Born: Dzhokhar Dudayev, Soviet Air Force general and 1st President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, in Yalkhoroy, Chechen-Ingush ASSR

  [February 16], 1944 (Wednesday)

• The Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket ended in Soviet victory. Most of the German forces managed to escape but left much heavy equipment behind.
• American forces launched Operation Hailstone, a massive attack against the Japanese naval and air base at Truk in the Caroline Islands.
• 800 Allied aircraft raided Berlin. In his post-raid report, Joseph Goebbels attempted the unusual tactic of exaggerating the damage done in the hope that the Allies might think that the capital was no longer an important target.
• Lord Chancellor John Simon appeared before the House of Lords and made a speech defending the British bombing campaign. Referring specifically to the monastery at Monte Cassino, he said that most of the buildings there dated from the nineteenth century and that the most valuable art treasures and manuscripts had been moved elsewhere weeks and months earlier.
• Stalin responded to Roosevelt's message of February 7 by saying the Polish government was made up of elements hostile to the Soviet Union and was incapable of friendly relations with the USSR. Stalin advised that "The basic improvement of the Polish government appears to be an urgent task."
• The war film Passage to Marseille starring Humphrey Bogart and Michèle Morgan was released.
• Born: Richard Ford, novelist and short story writer, in Jackson, Mississippi; António Mascarenhas Monteiro, 2nd President of Cape Verde, in Ribeira da Barca, Portuguese Cape Verde
• Died: Henri Nathansen, 75, Danish writer and stage director