Extreme points of Antarctica

List

• Northernmost: Martin-de-Viviès, Île Amsterdam, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, France
• *Without subantarctic islands, the northernmost point of political Antarctica is Coronation Island, British Antarctic Territory and Argentine Antarctica
• *Without offshore islands, the northernmost point of mainland Antarctica is Prime Head, British Antarctic Territory, Argentine Antarctica, and Chilean Antarctic Territory
• Southernmost: South Pole, Antarctica
• Westernmost: Anti-Meridian Line, Ross Dependency
• Easternmost: Anti-Meridian Line, Ross Dependency
• The tallest mountain in Antarctica is Mount Vinson rising 4,892 meters above sea level.
• The lowest point in Antarctica is within the Denman Glacier, which reaches 3.5 kilometers below sea level. This is also the lowest place on Earth not covered by ocean.
• The lowest accessible point in Antarctica is the shore of Deep Lake, Vestfold Hills, which is 50.4 m beneath sea level.
• The point on land farthest from any coastline on the Antarctic Continent is located at. This is also known as the South Pole of inaccessibility.
• Antarctica is the southernmost land mass on Earth. The Geographical South Pole lies on the Polar Plateau at. It is here that the southernmost human habitation on Earth is located: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.
• Vostok Station is the most isolated research base on the continent, and it is situated over the southernmost lake in the world, Lake Vostok, a subglacial lake 4,000 metres under the surface of the ice where the station sits. Formerly administered by the Soviets, it is now operated by Russia.
• The southernmost volcano on the planet—Mount Erebus—is in Antarctica on the world's southernmost island reachable from the sea: Ross Island.
• The southernmost island is said to be Berkner Island. It is embedded in the ice shelf, fully covered by ice and fully below sea level, and therefore not an island, but an ice rise. The southernmost true island is probably Black Island (Ross Archipelago).
• The Ross Sea is the southernmost sea in the world, with its southernmost extremity at the foot of the Horlick Mountains approximately from the Geographic South Pole. However, this area is covered by the Ross Ice Shelf. The southernmost open sea is also part of Ross Sea, namely Bay of Whales at 78°30'S, at the edge of Ross Ice Shelf.
• The northernmost extremity of the Antarctic mainland is Prime Head, at the northern tip of the Trinity Peninsula at. The Antarctic Peninsula is the largest contiguous part of the continent projecting north of the Antarctic Circle and thus has many of the continent's research bases. Prime Head is from Cape Horn. The northernmost research base on the mainland is Esperanza Base.

Other extremes

• While animal life such as penguins and seals are found all around the Antarctic coastline, the continent's only flowering plants are found on the northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula.
• Highest temperature so far recorded in Antarctica: at Vanda Station on 5 January 1974.
• Lowest temperature so far recorded in Antarctica: in the interior of the Antarctica in August 2010. The record temperature was found by scientists sifting through decades of climate data taken by Earth-orbiting satellites. However, the previous record was at Vostok on 21 July 1983 and it is to this day more widely known.
• The highest non-cyclonic winds ever recorded on the Continent were at Commonwealth Bay, which is about wide and located at the entrance between Point Alden and Cape Gray. Winds regularly exceed 200 km/h here. The fastest wind ever recorded was in the base Belgrano II at.
• Antarctica has the world's lowest rainfall average and thus is the world's driest continent.
• Despite its low rainfall average, Antarctica has approximately 70% of the world's fresh water.