Ernest Simoni
Ernest Simoni Troshani is an Albanian Catholic prelate known for surviving persecution under the People's [Socialist Republic of Albania|Albanian communist regime]. He was created a cardinal by Pope Francis in a consistory held on 19 November 2016.
Life
Ernest Simoni was born in 1928 in Troshani in the Albanian Kingdom.On 24 December 1963, he was imprisoned by the Communist authorities after offering a Mass for the repose of assassinated President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Ernest Simoni was tortured and even offered marriage to leave his faith. He was sentenced to death, but the sentence was converted into a prison term and he spent 28 years at penal labour, first in a mine and then in a sewage canal.
On 21 September 2014, he met Pope Francis during his apostolic visit to Albania and provided the pope with his own testimony on his experiences under the Communist regime.
On 9 October 2016, Pope Francis announced that he would create Simoni a cardinal in the consistory held on 19 November of the same year. Canon 351 of the Code of Canon Law requires that all cardinals must be bishops, but Simoni was given a papal dispensation from the requirement of episcopal consecration.
At the consistory, he was assigned the titular church, becoming Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria della Scala. As of 2019, he had not yet received episcopal consecration.