Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns and adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs.
Suffixes can carry grammatical information or lexical information . Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. Derivational suffixes fall into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation.
Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings.
A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid or a semi-suffix.
Examples
Latin
English
French
German
Russian
Barngarla">Barngarla language">Barngarla
Inflectional suffixes
changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. In several languages, this is realized by an inflectional suffix, also known as desinence. In the example:the suffix -d inflects the root-word fade to indicate past participle.
Inflectional suffixes do not change the word class of the word after the inflection. Inflectional suffixes in Modern English include:
Verbs
- -s third person singular simple present indicative active
- -ed past tense and past participle
- -t past tense
- -ing present participle and gerund
- -en past participle
Nouns
- -s plural number
- -en plural number
Adjectives and adverbs
- -er comparative degree
- -est superlative degree
Derivation
- -ly
- -al /-ual
- -ic /-ical
- -ish
- -ful
- -oid
- -like
- -less
- -able/'-ible
- -ant
- -tion/-ion/-ation
- -ment
- -ity
- -ness
- -fy
- -ise/-ize
- -ess
- -ism
- -ist
- -hood
- -logy/-ology
- -um museum; stadium; auditorium; aquarium; planetarium; medium
- -wise' From wīse
Altered pronunciation in English