List of endemic species of Taiwan


The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan – that is, they naturally occur nowhere else on Earth.
Percentages of endemic species and subspecies in selected animal groups in Taiwan:
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Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.

Endemic fauna

Endemic mammals

Endemic birds

32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified. The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6% of all birds living in Taiwan.

Endemic reptiles

Endemic amphibians

Endemic freshwater fishes

Endemic flora

Taiwan is home to several hundred endemic plant species and subspecies, including four endemic genera – Conjugatovarium, Kudoacanthus, Shaolinchiana, and Tangshuia. Plants are sorted by family.

Acanthaceae

Actinidiaceae

Amaranthaceae

  • ''Amaranthus shengkuangensis''

Amaryllidaceae

  • ''Allium taiwanianum''

Apiaceae

  • Angelica dahurica var. formosana
  • Angelica hohuanshanensis
  • Angelica morrisonicola
  • Angelica tarokoensis
  • Anthriscus taiwanensis
  • Bupleurum kaoi
  • Chaerophyllum involucratum
  • Chaerophyllum nanhuense
  • Chaerophyllum taiwanianum
  • Cnidium monnieri var. formosanum
  • Cnidium warburgii
  • Conioselinum morrisonense
  • Pimpinella niitakayamensis
  • ''Pimpinella tagawae''

Apocynaceae

  • Anodendron benthamianum
  • Cynanchum lanhsuense
  • Melodinus angustifolius
  • Trachelospermum tulinense
  • Vincetoxicum insulicola
  • Vincetoxicum lui
  • Vincetoxicum oshimae
  • Vincetoxicum sui
  • ''Vincetoxicum taiwanense''

Aquifoliaceae

Araceae

Araliaceae

Arecaceae

Aristolochiaceae

  • Aristolochia cucurbitifolia
  • Aristolochia hohuanensis
  • Aristolochia pahsienshanianum
  • Aristolochia yujungiana
  • Asarum ampulliflorum
  • Asarum chatienshanianum – northern Taiwan
  • Asarum crassisepalum
  • Asarum hypogynum
  • Asarum macranthum – northern Taiwan
  • Asarum pubitessellatum
  • Asarum shoukaense
  • Asarum taipingshanianum
  • Asarum tawushanianum - southern Taiwan
  • Asarum tungyanshanianum
  • ''Asarum villisepalum''

Asparagaceae

  • Aspidistra attenuata – central and southern Taiwan
  • Aspidistra daibuensis – southeastern and southern Taiwan
  • *Aspidistra daibuensis var. daibuensis – southeastern and southern Taiwan
  • *Aspidistra daibuensis var. longkiauensis
  • Aspidistra longiconnectiva
  • Aspidistra mushaensis – central Taiwan
  • Aspidistra shoukaensis
  • Disporopsis shaolinchiensis
  • Heteropolygonatum alte-lobatum
  • Maianthemum formosanum
  • Maianthemum harae
  • Maianthemum shaolinchii
  • Ophiopogon shuangliuensis
  • Peliosanthes kaoi – southeastern Taiwan
  • Polygonatum arisanense
  • *Polygonatum arisanense var. arisanense
  • *Polygonatum arisanense var. chingshuishanianum
  • *''Polygonatum arisanense var. formosanum''

Aspleniaceae

  • Asplenium cuneatiforme
  • Asplenium matsumurae
  • Asplenium subtrialatum
  • Asplenium × wangii
  • Asplenium wilfordii var. densum
  • Athyrium erythropodum
  • Athyrium leiopodum
  • Athyrium tripinnatum
  • Diplazium chioui
  • Diplazium ketagalaniorum
  • Diplazium kuoi
  • Hymenasplenium adiantifrons
  • Thelypteris × erubesquirolica
  • Thelypteris longipetiolata
  • ''Woodsia okamotoi''

Asteraceae

  • Ainsliaea chaochiei
  • Ainsliaea lalashanensis
  • Ainsliaea paucicapitata
  • Anaphalis horaimontana
  • Anaphalis nagasawae
  • Anaphalis transnokoensis
  • Artemisia kawakamii
  • Artemisia morrisonensis
  • Artemisia niitakayamensis
  • Artemisia oligocarpa
  • Artemisia somae
  • *Artemisia somae var. batakensis
  • *Artemisia somae var. somae
  • Artemisia tsugitakaensis
  • Aster altaicus var. taitoensis - southeastern Taiwan
  • Aster chingshuiensis
  • Aster guanwuensis
  • Aster ilanmontanus
  • Aster itsunboshi
  • Aster kanoi
  • Aster morrisonensis
  • Aster oldhamii – northern Taiwan
  • Aster ovalifolius
  • Aster siyuanensis
  • Aster taiwanensis var. taiwanensis
  • Aster takasago-montanus
  • Aster taoshanensis
  • Aster taoyuenensis
  • Blumea chishangensis
  • Blumea hsinbaiyangensis
  • Blumea humilis
  • Blumea linearis
  • Blumea luoshaoensis
  • Carpesium parvicapitulum
  • Carpesium taiwanense
  • Chrysanthemum horaimontanum
  • Chrysanthemum morii
  • Cirsium arisanense
  • Cirsium chilaishanense
  • Cirsium ferum
  • Cirsium guanwuense
  • Cirsium nanhutashanense
  • Cirsium pitouchaoense
  • Cirsium suzukii – northern Taiwan
  • Cirsium taiwanense
  • Cirsium tatakaense
  • Crepidiastrum hualienianum
  • Crepidiastrum taiwanianum
  • Crepis meifenggensis
  • Erigeron fukuyamae
  • Erigeron morrisonensis
  • Erigeron taiwanensis
  • Eupatorium amabile
  • Eupatorium guanyuanense
  • Eupatorium hualienense
  • Eupatorium loshanense
  • Eupatorium tashiroi
  • Gynura formosana
  • Gynura taitungensis
  • Gynura tungyanshanensis
  • Hieracium morii
  • Hieracium taiwanense
  • Inula taiwanensis
  • Ixeridium calcicola
  • Ixeridium guanwuense
  • Ixeridium hohuanshanense
  • Ixeridium sandaiolingwaterfallense
  • Ixeridium transnokoense
  • Ixeris hopingtunnelensis
  • Jacobaea kuanshanensis
  • Jacobaea morrisonensis
  • Jacobaea tarokoensis
  • Lactuca mansuensis
  • Lapsanastrum takasei
  • Launaea taiwanensis
  • Leontopodium microphyllum
  • Ligularia kojimae
  • Melanthera taiwanensis
  • Nemosenecio formosanus
  • Paraprenanthes nanhutashanensis
  • Paraprenanthes shaolinchiensis
  • Paraprenanthes yangtoushanensis
  • Parasenecio morrisonensis
  • Parasenecio nokoensis
  • Parasenecio sylviaensis
  • Pertya simozawae
  • Petasites formosanus
  • Picris angustifolia subsp. morrisonensis
  • Picris angustifolia subsp. ohwiana
  • Saussurea glandulosa
  • Saussurea kanzanensis
  • Saussurea kiraisiensis
  • Scorzonera taiwanensis
  • Senecio bilushenmulatus
  • Senecio loshanensis
  • Senecio scandens var. crataegifolius
  • Senecio shaoakoulatus
  • Senecio tulinensis
  • Syneilesis hayatae
  • Syneilesis subglabrata
  • Taraxacum hohuanshanense
  • Tephroseris taitoensis
  • Youngia japonica subsp. monticola
  • Youngia lalashanensis
  • ''Youngia macrophylla''

Balsaminaceae

  • Impatiens devolii
  • Impatiens tayemonii
  • ''Impatiens uniflora''

Begoniaceae

  • Begonia austrotaiwanensis - southern Taiwan
  • Begonia bouffordii – Nantou
  • Begonia × buimontana
  • Begonia chitoensis – northern and central Taiwan
  • Begonia × chungii
  • Begonia chuyunshanensis – southern Taiwan
  • Begonia hohuanensis
  • Begonia lukuana
  • Begonia nantoensis – Nantou
  • Begonia pinglinensis – northern Taiwan
  • Begonia ravenii – western Taiwan
  • Begonia shitoushanensis
  • Begonia shoukaensis
  • Begonia × taipeiensis – northern Taiwan
  • Begonia taiwaniana – southern Taiwan
  • Begonia tengchiana – south-central Taiwan
  • Begonia tungyanshanensis
  • Begonia wutaiana – south-central Taiwan

Berberidaceae

  • Berberis alpicola – Mt. Alishan
  • Berberis aristatoserrulata – central Taiwan
  • Berberis brevisepala – central Taiwan
  • Berberis chingshuiensis – east-central Taiwan
  • Berberis hayatana – north-central Taiwan
  • Berberis japonica
  • Berberis kawakamii – central Taiwan
  • Berberis mingetsensis – west-central Taiwan
  • Berberis morii – eastern Taiwan
  • Berberis morrisonensis
  • Berberis nantoensis – northern and north-central Taiwan
  • Berberis pengii – southern Taiwan
  • Berberis ravenii – southern Taiwan
  • Berberis schaaliae – eastern Taiwan
  • Berberis tarokoensis – north-central Taiwan

Betulaceae

Boraginaceae

  • Cynoglossum alpestre – above 2500 m elevation
  • Ehretia lengshuikengensis
  • Heliotropium formosanum
  • Thyrocarpus cuifengensis
  • Trichodesma calycosum var. formosanum
  • Trigonotis formosana var. elevatovenosa – northern Taiwan
  • ''Trigonotis nankotaizanensis''

Brassicaceae

  • Arabis piluchiensis
  • Arabis shengkuangshanensis
  • Arabis taihumilis
  • Barbarea taiwaniana – northern Taiwan
  • Brassica taiwanensis
  • Draba sekiyana – Taiwan mountains
  • Thismia huangii – northwestern Taiwan
  • Thismia taiwanensis – south-central Taiwan

Buxaceae

Campanulaceae

  • Adenophora morrisonensis
  • *Adenophora morrisonensis subsp. morrisonensis
  • *Adenophora morrisonensis subsp. uehatae
  • Adenophora taiwaniana
  • Codonopsis kawakamii – central Taiwan
  • ''Wahlenbergia taiwaniana''

Caprifoliaceae

  • Lonicera kawakamii
  • Lonicera taiwanensis
  • Lonicera tulinensis
  • Patrinia glabrifolia – central and eastern Taiwan
  • Scabiosa lacerifolia
  • Valeriana hsui
  • Valeriana kawakamii
  • ''Valeriana siyuaniana''

Caryophyllaceae

  • Arenaria fulungensis
  • Arenaria siyuanakouensis
  • Arenaria taiwanensis
  • Cerastium morrisonense
  • Cerastium nanhutashanense
  • Cerastium parvipetalum – southern Taiwan
  • Cerastium subpilosum – central Taiwan
  • Cerastium takasagomontanum – central Taiwan
  • Dianthus palinensis – Taoyuan Xian: Bali
  • Dianthus pygmaeus
  • Dianthus taoshanensis
  • Nubelaria arisanensis
  • Silene morrisonmontana
  • *Silene morrisonmontana var. glabella – northern Taiwan
  • *Silene morrisonmontana var. morrisonmontana
  • Silene ohwii northern and central Taiwan
  • Spergularia hohuanshanensis
  • ''Stellaria taiwanensis''

Celastraceae

Clusiaceae

Colchicaceae

  • Disporum cantoniense var. kawakamii
  • Disporum kawakamii
  • Disporum sessile var. intermedium – central Taiwan
  • Disporum shimadae – northern Taiwan

Commelinaceae

  • Commelina bicaeruloflora
  • Cyanotis kawakamii – southern Taiwan

Convolvulaceae

  • Argyreia formosana – southern Taiwan
  • Ipomoea fangliaoensis
  • ''Ipomoea taiwanensis''

Crassulaceae

  • Crassula nanshanchunensis
  • Kalanchoe tachingshuii
  • Kalanchoe tashiroi – southeastern Taiwan
  • Phedimus subcapitatum
  • Sedum actinocarpum
  • Sedum arisanense
  • Sedum brachyrhinchum
  • Sedum cirenianum
  • Sedum erythrospermum subsp. erythrospermum
  • Sedum kwanwuense
  • Sedum microsepalum – north-central Taiwan
  • Sedum morrisonense
  • Sedum nokoense
  • Sedum parviflorum
  • Sedum parvisepalum subsp. parvisepalum – central Taiwan
  • Sedum sasakii – northern Taiwan
  • Sedum sekiteiense – northern Taiwan
  • Sedum shaoakouense
  • Sedum shengkuangense
  • Sedum tachingshuianum
  • Sedum taiwanalpinum
  • Sedum taiwanianum
  • Sedum tarokoense – eastern Taiwan
  • Sedum triangulisepalum
  • Sinocrassula parvifoliana
  • Sinocrassula shaolinchiana
  • ''Sinocrassula taiwaniana''

Cucurbitaceae

Cupressaceae

Cyatheaceae

Cyperaceae

Daphniphyllaceae

  • Daphniphyllum × lanyuenseLan Yü

Dioscoreaceae

  • ''Dioscorea formosana''

Ebenaceae

  • Diospyros fengchangensis
  • Diospyros kotoensis – Lan Yü

Elaeagnaceae

  • Elaeagnus darenensis
  • Elaeagnus formosana
  • Elaeagnus formosensis – southern Taiwan
  • Elaeagnus grandifolia – central Taiwan
  • Elaeagnus tarokoensis
  • ''Elaeagnus thunbergii''

Elaeocarpaceae

Ericaceae

  • Chimaphila monticola subsp. taiwaniana
  • Gaultheria taiwaniana – central Taiwan
  • Pyrola alboreticulata
  • Pyrola morrisonensis
  • Rhododendron breviperulatum – northern and eastern Taiwan
  • Rhododendron chilanshanense – northern Taiwan
  • Rhododendron chiliangense
  • Rhododendron formosanum – southern Taiwan
  • Rhododendron huanshanense
  • Rhododendron hyperythrum
  • Rhododendron kanehirae – northern Taiwan. Last recorded in 1984
  • Rhododendron kawakamii
  • Rhododendron lasiostylum – central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron longiperulatum – southern Taiwan
  • Rhododendron morii - central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron nakaharae – northern Taiwan
  • Rhododendron nantouense
  • Rhododendron noriakianum – northern and central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron oldhamii
  • Rhododendron pachysanthum – central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum – central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron rubropilosum – central Taiwan
  • *Rhododendron rubropilosum var. grandiflorum – Nantou
  • *Rhododendron rubropilosum var. rubropilosum – central Taiwan
  • Rhododendron shaoakouense
  • Rhododendron sikayotaizanense
  • Rhododendron taiwanalpinum – central Taiwan
  • Vaccinium delavayi subsp. merrillianum
  • Vaccinium dunalianum var. caudatifolium
  • Vaccinium japonicum var. lasiostemon
  • Vaccinium kengii – northern and central Taiwan
  • Vaccinium wrightii var. formosanum – eastern Taiwan

Euphorbiaceae

  • Acalypha eastmostpointensis
  • Acalypha matsudaeHengchun Peninsula
  • Euphorbia garanbiensis – southern Taiwan
  • Euphorbia hsinchuensis – Taiwan
  • Euphorbia taihsiensis – western Taiwan
  • Euphorbia tarokoensis – eastern Taiwan
  • Euphorbia tzitanshaniana
  • Excoecaria formosana var. formosana
  • Excoecaria kawakamii – southern Taiwan including Lan Yü
  • Mallotus paniculatus var. formosanus

Fabaceae

  • Astragalus nankotaizanensis
  • Astragalus nokoensis – central Taiwan
  • Bauhinia longiracemosa
  • Crotalaria similis – Hengchun Peninsula
  • Dendrolobium dispermum
  • Derris lasiantha
  • Derris laxiflora
  • Dumasia villosa subsp. bicolor
  • Glycine dolichocarpa
  • Glycine max subsp. formosana – northern and central Taiwan
  • Hylodesmum taiwanianum
  • Indigofera byobiensis
  • Indigofera hopingensis
  • Indigofera ramulosissima
  • Indigofera taiwaniana
  • Maackia taiwanensis
  • Millettia pulchra var. microphylla
  • Mucuna gigantea subsp. tashiroi
  • Ormosia formosana
  • Ormosia hengchuniana
  • Smithia yehii
  • Sohmaea gracillima – southern Taiwan
  • Tephrosia ionophlebia
  • Tephrosia purpurea var. glabra
  • ''Zornia intecta''

Fagaceae

Gentianaceae

  • Gentiana arisanensis
  • Gentiana bambuseti – central Taiwan
  • Gentiana davidi var. formosana
  • Gentiana flavomaculata
  • *Gentiana flavomaculata subsp. flavomaculata
  • *Gentiana flavomaculata subsp. tatakensis – central Taiwan
  • Gentiana kaohsiungensis
  • Gentiana scabrida subsp. horaimontana – central Taiwan
  • Gentiana scabrida subsp. itzershanensis – central Taiwan
  • Gentiana scabrida subsp. scabrida
  • Gentiana taiwanialbiflora
  • Gentiana taiwanica
  • Gentiana tarokoensis
  • Gentiana zollingeri subsp. tentyoensis – eastern Taiwan
  • Lomatogonium chilaiensis – Mt. Chilaishan
  • Swertia arisanensis – central and eastern Taiwan
  • Swertia changii – central Taiwan
  • Swertia tozanensis
  • Tripterospermum alutaceofolium – northern Taiwan
  • Tripterospermum cordifolium
  • Tripterospermum guanwuense
  • Tripterospermum hualienense
  • Tripterospermum lanceolatum
  • Tripterospermum lilungshanense – south-central Taiwan
  • Tripterospermum microphyllum
  • Tripterospermum shaolinchianum
  • Tripterospermum taiwanense – central and southern Taiwan

Geraniaceae

  • Geranium hayatanum
  • ''Geranium suzukii''

Gesneriaceae

  • Lysionotus pauciflorus var. ikedae – Lan Yü
  • Lysionotus tairukouensis
  • Rhynchotechum brevipedunculatum
  • Rhynchotechum lalashanense
  • Rhynchotechum uniflorum
  • ''Whytockia sasakii''

Gleicheniaceae

  • ''Dicranopteris tetraphylla''

Grossulariaceae

  • ''Ribes formosanum''

Hydrangeaceae

Hymenophyllaceae

  • Hymenophyllum alishanense
  • Hymenophyllum chamaecyparicola
  • Hymenophyllum devolii
  • Hymenophyllum exquisitum
  • Hymenophyllum okadae
  • Hymenophyllum parallelocarpum
  • Hymenophyllum semialatum – Mt. Tahan
  • ''Hymenophyllum taiwanense''

Hypericaceae

  • Hypericum eastmostianum
  • Hypericum formosanum – northern Taiwan
  • Hypericum geminiflorum subsp. simplicistylum – north-central and central Taiwan
  • Hypericum gouanyuanianum
  • Hypericum lalashanense
  • Hypericum nagasawae – north-central and central Taiwan
  • Hypericum nakamurae – east-northeastern Taiwan
  • Hypericum nokoense east-central Taiwan
  • Hypericum subalatum – northern and northeastern Taiwan

Iridaceae

  • Iris formosana – northeastern Taiwan
  • Iris nantouensis – central Taiwan

Isoetaceae

  • Isoetes taiwanensis
  • *Isoetes taiwanensis var. kinmenensis
  • *Isoetes taiwanensis var. ''taiwanensis''

Iteaceae

  • ''Itea parviflora''

Juncaceae

  • Juncus kuohii
  • Luzula formosana – central Taiwan
  • ''Luzula taiwaniana''

Lamiaceae

  • Ajuga rubrobracteosa
  • Callicarpa hengchunensis
  • Callicarpa hypoleucophylla – southern Taiwan
  • Callicarpa lalashanensis
  • Callicarpa pilosissima
  • Callicarpa randaiensis
  • Callicarpa remotiflora – Hengchun Peninsula
  • Callicarpa remotiserrulata – Hengchun Peninsula
  • Callicarpa rubrocarpa
  • Callicarpa tikusikensis – northern Taiwan
  • Callicarpa tungyanensis
  • Clerodendrum ohwii
  • Clinopodium cirenianum
  • Clinopodium cuifengense
  • Clinopodium laxiflorum
  • Clinopodium loshanense
  • Clinopodium shaofengkouensis
  • Clinopodium wulinianum
  • Clinopodium wutaianum
  • Collinsonia macrobracteata
  • Comanthosphace formosana
  • Elsholtzia oldhamii
  • Elsholtzia taiwanensis
  • Lamium taiwanense
  • Paraphlomis cauliflora
  • Paraphlomis parviflora
  • Paraphlomis tomentosocapitata
  • Platostoma taiwanense
  • Pogostemon formosanus
  • Pogostemon monticola
  • Salvia hayatae
  • *Salvia hayatae var. hayatae
  • *Salvia hayatae var. pinnata
  • Salvia japonica var. formosana – northern Taiwan
  • Salvia muratae
  • Salvia shaofengkouensis
  • Salvia siyuanensis
  • Scutellaria hsiehii
  • Scutellaria lilungensis
  • Scutellaria playfairii
  • *Scutellaria playfairii var. playfairii
  • *Scutellaria playfairii var. procumbens
  • Scutellaria taiwanensis – Ali Shan
  • Scutellaria tarokoensis
  • Suzukia shikikunensis – central and eastern Taiwan
  • Teucrium guanwuense
  • Teucrium taiwanianum
  • ''Teucrium taoshanense''

Lardizabalaceae

Lauraceae

  • Actinodaphne mushaensis
  • Camphora kanahirae
  • Camphora officinarum var. nominale – eastern and southern Taiwan
  • Cinnamomum chingchuanium
  • Cinnamomum insularimontanum
  • Cinnamomum kotoense – Lan Yü
  • Cinnamomum osmophloeum – northern and central Taiwan
  • Cinnamomum reticulatum
  • Lindera akoensis
  • Litsea akoensis
  • *Litsea akoensis var. akoensis
  • *Litsea akoensis var. sasakii
  • Litsea hayatae
  • Litsea hypophaea
  • Litsea morrisonensis
  • Machilus konishii – central and southern Taiwan
  • Machilus obovatifolius – southern Taiwan
  • *Machilus obovatifolius var. obovatifolius – southern Taiwan
  • *Machilus obovatifolius var. taiwuensis – southeastern Taiwan
  • Machilus zuihoensis
  • *Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis
  • *Machilus zuihoensis var. zuihoensis
  • Neolitsea acuminatissima
  • Neolitsea buisanensis f. sutsuoensis – southern Taiwan
  • Neolitsea daibuensis – southern Taiwan
  • Neolitsea hiiranensis – southern Taiwan
  • Neolitsea parvigemma – south-central Taiwan
  • Neolitsea variabillima – central Taiwan
  • Sassafras randaiense – central and southern Taiwan

Liliaceae

Linderniaceae

  • Lindernia sandaiolingensis
  • Vandellia scutellariiformis – Tainan Xian

Loranthaceae

  • Loranthus kaoi
  • Scurrula phoebe-formosanae
  • Taxillus limprichtii var. ritozanensis
  • Taxillus liquidambaricola var. liquidambaricola
  • Taxillus nigrans var. longifolius
  • Taxillus pseudochinensis – southern Taiwan
  • Taxillus theifer
  • Taxillus tsaii – southern Taiwan

Lycopodiaceae

  • Huperzia changii – Last recorded in 2010
  • Huperzia myriophyllifolia
  • ''Lycopodium yueshanense''

Lythraceae

  • Rotala taiwaniana – eastern Taiwan

Magnoliaceae

Malvaceae

  • Corchorus aestuans var. brevicaulis
  • Hibiscus indicus var. integrilobus – southern Taiwan
  • Hibiscus taiwanensis – Alishan
  • Melochia taiwaniana
  • ''Sida austrotaiwaniana''

Marrataceae

  • ''Angiopteris × itoi''

Mazaceae

  • Mazus alpinus
  • Mazus fauriei – northern Taiwan
  • Mazus lalashanensis
  • Mazus somggangensis
  • Mazus tainanensis – Tainan city
  • ''Mazus uniflorus''

Melanthiaceae

  • Helonias umbellata
  • Paris taiwanensis
  • Trillium taiwanense – eastern Taiwan
  • ''Veratrum formosanum''

Melastomataceae

  • Bredia dulanica
  • Bredia hirsuta var. scandens
  • Bredia oldhamii
  • Medinilla formosana
  • Medinilla hayatana – Lan Yü
  • Melastoma kudoi – central Taiwan
  • Melastoma scaberrimum
  • Memecylon pendulum
  • ''Tashiroea laisherana''

Meliaceae

  • ''Aglaia taiwaniana''

Menispermaceae

  • Cocculus taiwanianus
  • Cyclea ochiaiana
  • Paratinospora dentata
  • ''Stephania merrillii''

Mitrastemonaceae

Moraceae

  • Ficus tannoensis – southern Taiwan
  • Ficus vaccinioides – southern Taiwan

Musaceae

Myrtaceae

  • Syzygium densinervium var. insulare – Hengchun Peninsula, Lü Dao, and Lan Yü
  • Syzygium euphlebium – Hengchun Peninsula
  • Syzygium formosanum
  • Syzygium kusukusuense – Hengchun Peninsula
  • Syzygium taiwanicum – Lan Yu, Pengjia Yu

Nyctaginaceae

  • Boerhavia hualienensis – eastern Taiwan

Oleaceae

  • Ligustrum morrisonense
  • Osmanthus kaoi
  • ''Osmanthus lanceolatus''

Onagraceae

  • Circaea cireniana
  • Circaea hsuehshanensis
  • Circaea lalashanensis
  • Epilobium hohuanense
  • Epilobium nanhualpinum
  • Epilobium nankotaizanense
  • Epilobium pengii
  • Epilobium taiwanianum
  • ''Epilobium tulinianum''

Orchidaceae

  • Agrostophyllum formosanum – southern Taiwan
  • Anoectochilus lalashanensis
  • Anoectochilus semiresupinatus
  • Aphyllorchis montana var. membranacea
  • Aphyllorchis montana f. pingtungensis
  • Aphyllorchis montana var. rotundatipetala
  • Appendicula reflexa var. kotoensis – Lan Yü
  • Bulbophyllum albociliatum
  • *Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. albociliatum – central and southern Taiwan
  • *Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. remotifolium – Taiwan
  • *Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. shanlinshiense – Taiwan
  • *Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. weiminianum – southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum brevipedunculatum – eastern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum cryptomeriicola
  • Bulbophyllum fimbriperianthium – southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum flaviflorum – central and southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum insulsoides – central and southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum karenkoensis
  • *Bulbophyllum karenkoensis var. calvum
  • *Bulbophyllum karenkoensis var. karenkoensis
  • *Bulbophyllum karenkoensis var. puniceum
  • Bulbophyllum kuanwuense – southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum linearibractium
  • Bulbophyllum maxi
  • Bulbophyllum × omerumbellatum
  • Bulbophyllum pingtungense – southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum sasakii
  • Bulbophyllum setaceum
  • *Bulbophyllum setaceum var. confragosum
  • *Bulbophyllum setaceum var. setaceum – central Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum somae – northern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum taiwanense – southern Taiwan
  • Bulbophyllum tenuislinguae
  • Bulbophyllum tokioi – northern and central Taiwan
  • Calanthe arcuata subsp. caudatilabella – southern Taiwan
  • Calanthe arisanensis
  • Calanthe dolichopoda
  • Calanthe formosana
  • Calanthe × hsinchuensis
  • Cheirostylis nantouensis
  • Cheirostylis pusilla var. simplex
  • Cheirostylis tabiyahanensis – southeastern Taiwan
  • Cheirostylis tortilacinia var. rubrifolia – southern Taiwan
  • Cheirostylis tortilacinia var. wutaiensis
  • Chiloschista segawae – south-central Taiwan
  • Corybas puniceus – Yunlin
  • Corybas taiwanensis – northern Taiwan
  • Crepidium × cordilabium
  • Crepidium roohutuense – southern Taiwan
  • Cymbidium formosanum
  • Cypripedium formosanum – central Taiwan
  • Cypripedium segawae – east-central Taiwan
  • Cypripedium taiwanalpinum
  • Cyrtosia taiwanica
  • Dendrobium furcatopedicellatum – central and southern Taiwan
  • Dendrobium leptocladum – central and southern Taiwan
  • Dendrobium sanseiense
  • Dendrobium somae – eastern and southern Taiwan
  • Dienia shuicae
  • Epipactis fascicularis
  • Epipactis ohwii – central Taiwan
  • Epipogium kentingense
  • Epipogium lalashanense
  • Epipogium meridianum
  • Epipogium taiwanense
  • Erythrodes aggregata
  • Erythrodes chinensis var. triantherae – Lan Yü
  • Eulophia brachycentra – southern Taiwan
  • Eulophia segawae – southeastern Taiwan
  • Gastrochilus deltoglossus
  • Gastrochilus guanwuensis
  • Gastrochilus × hsuehshanensis
  • Gastrochilus linii – central Taiwan
  • Gastrochilus matsudae – southern Taiwan
  • *Gastrochilus matsudae var. hoi
  • *Gastrochilus matsudae var. matsudae
  • Gastrochilus raraensis
  • Gastrochilus shaolinchianus
  • Gastrochilus somae
  • Gastrochilus yehii
  • Gastrodia appendiculata – central Taiwan
  • Gastrodia confusoides
  • Gastrodia flavilabella – central Taiwan
  • Gastrodia kaohsiungensis
  • Gastrodia leoui
  • Gastrodia leucochila
  • Gastrodia nantoensis
  • Gastrodia rubinea
  • Gastrodia sui
  • Goodyera daibuzanensis
  • Goodyera maculata
  • Goodyera yamiana – Lu Dao
  • Habenaria alishanensis
  • Habenaria longiracema – central and southern Taiwan
  • Habenaria tsaiana
  • Hemipilia alpestris – northern and central Taiwan
  • Hemipilia × alpestroides
  • Hemipilia kiraishiensis
  • Hemipilia taiwanensis – central and southern Taiwan
  • Hemipilia takasago-montana central and eastern Taiwan
  • Hemipilia tominagae
  • Holcoglossum pumilum
  • Holcoglossum quasipinifolium
  • × Holcosia pseudotaiwaniana
  • × Holcosia taiwaniana (Holcoglossum quasipinifolium × ''Luisia teres''

Orobanchaceae

  • Euphrasia nankotaizanensis
  • Euphrasia tarokoana – Hualian Xian
  • Euphrasia transmorrisonensis
  • *Euphrasia transmorrisonensis var. durietziana
  • *Euphrasia transmorrisonensis var. transmorrisonensis
  • Pedicularis ikomae – northeastern Taiwan
  • Pedicularis nanfutashanensis
  • Pedicularis refracta var. transmorrisonensis – north-central Taiwan
  • ''Striga crispata''

Oxalidaceae

Papaveraceae

  • ''Corydalis campulicarpa''

Pentaphylacaceae

  • Adinandra formosana
  • *Adinandra formosana var. formosana
  • *Adinandra formosana var. obtusissima – southern Taiwan
  • Adinandra lasiostyla – central and southern Taiwan
  • Adinandra taiwanensis
  • Cleyera japonica var. taipinensis – northern and central Taiwan
  • Cleyera lipingensis var. taipinensis – northern and central Taiwan
  • Cleyera longicarpa – northern Taiwan
  • Eurya chichaoyangensis
  • Eurya citrifolia
  • Eurya crenatifolia – northern and eastern Taiwan
  • Eurya glaberrima
  • Eurya guanwuensis
  • Eurya leptophylla – central and eastern Taiwan
  • Eurya rengechiensis – Taizhong
  • Eurya septata
  • Eurya shaolinchiensis
  • Eurya taianensis
  • Eurya taitungensis – Hualian

Phyllanthaceae

  • Flueggea taiwanensis
  • Glochidion lanyuense – Lan Yü
  • Phyllanthus niinamii
  • Phyllanthus oligospermus subsp. oligospermus

Pinaceae

Piperaceae

  • Peperomia tairukouensis
  • Piper kwashoense – southern Taiwan
  • Piper lanyuense
  • Piper okamotoi
  • ''Piper taiwanense''

Pittosporaceae

Plantaginaceae

  • Callitriche raveniana
  • Veronica morrisonicola
  • Veronica oligosperma
  • Veronica shichengensis
  • Veronica taiwanica – Ilan Xian
  • Veronica wulingensis
  • Veronicastrum formosanum – Hualian Xian
  • Veronicastrum loshanense – eastern Taiwan

Plumbaginaceae

  • Limonium wrightii var. luteum

Poaceae

  • Ampelocalamus naibunensis
  • Arundinella taiwanica
  • Arundo formosana var. gracilis – northern and western Taiwan
  • Bambusa odashimae
  • Bambusa utilis
  • Brachypodium kawakamii
  • Digitaria fauriei
  • Elymus formosanus
  • Eragrostis fauriei
  • Festuca hondae
  • Helictotrichon abietetorum
  • Lolium formosanum – northeastern Taiwan
  • Microstegium fauriei
  • Mnesithea laevis var. chenii
  • Panicum taiwanense
  • Poa nankoensis
  • Poa takasagomontana
  • Poa tenuicula
  • ''Spodiopogon formosanus''

Podocarpaceae

Polygalaceae

  • Polygala arcuata – central and southern Taiwan
  • Polygala sandiaochiaoensis
  • ''Polygala taiwanensis''

Polygonaceae

  • Koenigia yatagaiana
  • Persicaria pilushanensis
  • Polygonum hohuanshanense
  • Polygonum ilanense
  • Polygonum loshanense
  • ''Polygonum taiwanense''

Polypodiaceae

  • Arachniodes pseudoaristata
  • Bolbitis lianhuachihensis
  • Bolbitis × nanjenensis
  • Cyrtomium simadae
  • Cyrtomium taiwanianum
  • Davallia chrysanthemifolia
  • Dryopteris × holttumii
  • Dryopteris kwanzanensis
  • Dryopteris pseudolunanensis
  • Dryopteris pseudosieboldii
  • Dryopteris subatrata
  • Dryopteris subexaltata
  • Dryopteris tenuipes
  • Goniophlebium raishaense
  • Grammitis moorei
  • Grammitis nuda
  • Grammitis taiwanensis
  • Lepisorus kawakamii
  • Lepisorus megasorus
  • Lepisorus monilisorus
  • Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis
  • Loxogramme biformis
  • Loxogramme remote-frondigera
  • Polystichum × gemmilachenense
  • Polystichum integripinnum
  • Polystichum parvipinnulum
  • Polystichum pseudodeltodon
  • Polystichum × pseudoparvipinnulum
  • Polystichum pseudostenophyllum
  • Polystichum × silviamontanum
  • Polystichum subapiciflorum
  • Polystichum subobliquum
  • Polystichum taizhongense
  • Selliguea echinospora
  • Selliguea falcatopinnata – southern Taiwan and Lan Yü
  • Selliguea taiwanensis
  • ''Tectaria subfuscipes''

Primulaceae

  • Ardisia cornudentata
  • *Ardisia cornudentata subsp. cornudentata
  • *Ardisia cornudentata subsp. morrisonensis
  • *Ardisia cornudentata var. stenosepala
  • Ardisia violacea
  • Lysimachia chingshuiensis – Ch'ing-shui Shan
  • Lysimachia taiwaniana
  • Maesa hengchunensis
  • Maesa hotungensis
  • Maesa lanyuensis
  • Maesa perlaria var. formosana
  • Maesa tairukouensis
  • ''Primula miyabeana''

Proteaceae

  • Helicia rengetiensis
  • ''Helicia yingtzulinia''

Pteridaceae

  • Adiantum formosanum
  • Adiantum meishanianum
  • Adiantum menglianense – south-central Taiwan
  • Adiantum taiwanianum
  • Antrophyum castaneum
  • Haplopteris heterophylla
  • Pteris angustipinna
  • Pteris austrotaiwanensis – southern Taiwan
  • Pteris incurvata
  • Pteris longipinna
  • ''Pteris rugosifolia''

Ranunculaceae

  • Aconitum formosanum – northern Taiwan
  • Aconitum fukutomei
  • Actaea taiwanensis
  • Aquilegia kozakii – northeastern Taiwan
  • Calathodes polycarpa
  • Clematis akoensis – southern Taiwan
  • Clematis chinensis var. tatushanensis
  • Clematis formosana – eastern and southern Taiwan
  • Clematis lishanensis – central Taiwan
  • Clematis morii – central Taiwan
  • Clematis parviloba var. bartlettii – central Taiwan
  • Clematis psilandra – central Taiwan
  • Clematis tamurae
  • Clematis terniflora var. garanbiensis – southern Taiwan
  • Clematis tsugetorum – northern Taiwan
  • Dichocarpum arisanense
  • Dichocarpum uniflorum
  • Ranunculus cheirophyllus
  • Ranunculus formosa-montanus – Nanhu Dashan
  • Ranunculus junipericola
  • Ranunculus matsudae
  • Ranunculus morii – northern Taiwan
  • Ranunculus nankotaizanus – Nanhu Dashan
  • Ranunculus taisanensis
  • Ranunculus taiwanensis
  • Thalictrum lecoyeri var. debilistylum
  • Thalictrum myriophyllum – northern Taiwan
  • Thalictrum oshimae
  • Thalictrum rubescens – northern Taiwan
  • Thalictrum sessile
  • Thalictrum urbaini
  • *Thalictrum urbaini var. majus
  • *Thalictrum urbaini var. urbaini
  • ''Trollius taihasenzanensis''

Rhamnaceae

  • Berchemia arisanensis
  • Berchemia fenchifuensis
  • Berchemia paniculata
  • Rhamnus formosana
  • Rhamnus nakaharae
  • Rhamnus pilushanensis
  • Rhamnus salixiophylla
  • Rhamnus utilis var. chingshuiensis
  • Sageretia randaiensis – northern and central Taiwan
  • ''Ventilago elegans''

Rosaceae

Rubiaceae

  • Conjugatovarium
  • *Conjugatovarium lalashanianum
  • Damnacanthus angustifolius
  • Galium alboflorum
  • Galium echinocarpum – central Taiwan
  • Galium formosense – Gaoxiong
  • Galium guanwuense
  • Galium hohuanshanense
  • Galium lishanense
  • Galium minutissimum – Hualian
  • Galium morii – Jiayi
  • Galium nanhumontanum
  • Galium nankotaizanum – mountains of Taiwan
  • Galium shengkuangense
  • Galium siyuanianum
  • Galium taiwanense – northern Taiwan mountains
  • Galium takasagomontanum
  • Galium tarokoense
  • Lasianthus simizui
  • Leptopetalum taiwanense – Taiwan including Lü Tao
  • Mussaenda acalycophylla
  • Mussaenda darenensis
  • Mussaenda horenensis
  • Neanotis formosana
  • Oldenlandia butensis – Yilan
  • Ophiorrhiza hayatana
  • Rubia linii
  • Scleromitrion sirayanum
  • Shaolinchiana
  • *Shaolinchiana lalashaniana
  • *Shaolinchiana taiwaniana
  • *Shaolinchiana tungyanshaniana
  • Tangshuia
  • *Tangshuia pitouchaoensis
  • Theligonum formosanum – western Taiwan
  • ''Wendlandia erythroxylon''

Rutaceae

Sabiaceae

  • ''Sabia transarisanensis''

Salicaceae

  • Salix doii
  • Salix fulvopubescens
  • Salix kunyangensis
  • Salix kusanoi
  • Salix morrisonicola
  • *Salix morrisonicola var. morrisonicola
  • *Salix morrisonicola var. takasagoalpina
  • Salix okamotoana
  • Salix pilushanensis
  • Salix tagawana
  • ''Salix taiwanalpina''

Santalaceae

  • ''Viscum taiwanianum''

Sapindaceae

Saxifragaceae

  • Asimitellaria formosana
  • Astilbe longicarpa
  • Astilbe macroflora – central Taiwan
  • Chrysosplenium hebetatum
  • Chrysosplenium lanuginosum var. formosanum
  • Chrysosplenium taiwanianum''

Schisandraceae

Scrophulariaceae

  • Scrophularia formosana – Taidong Xian
  • ''Scrophularia yoshimurae''

Selaginellaceae

  • Selaginella devolii
  • Selaginella helvetica subsp. pseudonipponica

Simaroubaceae

Smilacaceae

  • Smilax horridiramula – central and eastern Taiwan
  • Smilax insularis – southern Taiwan
  • Smilax luei – central Taiwan
  • Smilax nantoensis – central Taiwan
  • Smilax taipeiensis – northern Taiwan
  • Smilax taiwanensis
  • ''Smilax tungyuanensis''

Solanaceae

  • Solanum chingchunense
  • ''Solanum peikuoense''

Staphyleaceae

  • ''Staphylea formosana''

Styracaceae

Symplocaceae

  • Symplocos juiyenensis – central Taiwan
  • Symplocos koidzumiana
  • Symplocos migoi
  • Symplocos nokoensis
  • Symplocos shilanensis
  • Symplocos sonoharae var. formosana
  • Symplocos sumuntia var. modesta
  • ''Symplocos taiwanensis''

Taxaceae

Theaceae

  • Camellia chinmeiae
  • Camellia guanwuensis
  • Camellia hsinpeiensis
  • ''Camellia tungyanshanensis''

Thymelaeaceae

Ulmaceae

Urticaceae

  • Chamabainia guanwuensis
  • Chamabainia meifenggensis
  • Dendrocnide kotoensis – Taidong
  • Elatostema acuteserratum – southeastern Taiwan including Lan Yü
  • Elatostema amoenum
  • Elatostema caudifolium
  • Elatostema elongatopeduncellatum
  • Elatostema guanwuense
  • Elatostema hirtellipedunculata
  • Elatostema × hybrida
  • Elatostema hypoglaucum
  • Elatostema lalashanense
  • Elatostema liutangshuii
  • Elatostema nanhumontanum
  • Elatostema pauciflorum
  • Elatostema rivulare
  • Elatostema siyuanwukouense
  • Elatostema strigillosum – Taidong
  • Elatostema subcoriaceum – Lan Yü
  • Elatostema taiwanense
  • Elatostema taoyuanense
  • Elatostema tungyanshanense
  • Elatostema villosum – southern Taiwan
  • Laportea taiwanensis
  • Parietaria taiwaniana
  • Pilea funkikensis
  • Pilea loshanensis
  • Pilea matsudae
  • Pilea rotundinucula
  • Pilea somae – southern Taiwan
  • Pilea taiwanensis
  • Pilea yingshaoyaoana
  • Pouzolzia sanguinea var. formosana
  • Pouzolzia taiwaniana
  • Urtica taiwaniana – central Taiwan
  • Urtica thunbergiana subsp. perserrata

Viburnaceae

Violaceae

  • Viola adenothrix
  • *Viola adenothrix var. adenothrix
  • *Viola adenothrix var. tsugitakaensis
  • Viola betonicifolia var. yuanfengia
  • Viola formosana
  • *Viola formosana var. formosana
  • *Viola formosana var. kawakamii
  • Viola lungtungensis
  • Viola nagasawae
  • *Viola nagasawae var. nagasawae
  • *Viola nagasawae var. pricei
  • Viola obtusa var. tsuifengensis – Nantou
  • Viola pilushanensis
  • Viola pitouchaoensis
  • Viola pubipetala
  • Viola sandaiojiaoensis
  • Viola senzanensis
  • Viola shaoyoukengensis
  • Viola shinchikuensis
  • Viola wulinfarmensis
  • ''Viola xibaoensis''

Vitaceae

  • Cissus pingtungensis
  • Pseudocayratia pengiana
  • ''Tetrastigma lanyuense''

Xyridaceae

  • ''Xyris formosana''

Zingiberaceae

  • Alpinia × ilanensis – northeastern Taiwan
  • Alpinia kawakamii – southern Taiwan
  • Alpinia koshunensis – southern Taiwan
  • Alpinia kusshakuensis – northern Taiwan
  • Alpinia lalashanensis
  • Alpinia mesanthera
  • Alpinia nantoensis
  • Alpinia oui
  • Alpinia pricei – eastern Taiwan
  • Alpinia sessiliflora – central Taiwan
  • Alpinia shimadae
  • Alpinia shoukaensis
  • Alpinia tonrokuensis – northern Taiwan
  • Alpinia uraiensis – northern Taiwan
  • Zingiber chengii
  • Zingiber kawagoei
  • Zingiber pleiostachyum – southern Taiwan
  • ''Zingiber shuanglongense''

Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan