Electrical safety standards


Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.

History

The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 Occupational [Safety and Health Administration|OSHA] promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility.
In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.
Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.

Lightning and earthing protection

Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.

Earthing protection systems

  • TT system
  • TN system
  • IT system

    Lightning protection systems

  • lightning rod
  • lightning rod with taut wires.
  • lightning conductor with meshed cage

    Physiological effects of electricity

Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage. The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.
  • Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
  • Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection

    Electrical safety conductors

  • – NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply

    Electrical safety standards

  • – Australian Standards AS/NZS 3000:2007, AS/NZS 3012:2010, AS/NZS 3017:2007, AS/NZS 3760:2010, AS/NZS 4836:2011
  • – National Regulation – NR10
  • – Български Държавен Стандарт – – БДС 12.2.096:1986
  • – GB4943, GB17625, GB9254
  • – La norme français C 15-100 – Aspects de la norme d’installation électrique
  • – IEEE/TÜV, NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EU
  • – India Standardization IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665
  • –
  • – Polska Norma PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12E
  • – ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000,ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р 52726-2007
  • – British standards BS 7671, BS EN 61439, BS 5266, BS 5839, BS 6423, BS 6626, BS EN 62305, BS EN 60529
  • – OSHA, NFPA 70, NFPA 70E

    Lightning protection standards

  • – БДС EN 62305-1:2011
  • – GB/T 36490–2018
  • – UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo
  • – Norme NF C 15–100
  • – DIN EN 62305–1
  • – IS 2309
  • – SNI 03–7015–2004
  • – PN-EN 62305
  • – СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014
  • – BS-EN 62305
  • – NFPA 780, IEC 62305

    Electronics and communications

Electronic products safety standards

The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.
  • – CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1
  • – CE Marking
  • – MET MOC 023/96
  • – PSE law
  • – NOM-152
  • – ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.

    Communication and high frequency safety standards

Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency.
  • – CB-02 Radio Equipment
  • – ГОСТ Р 50829-95 for radio Communication safety
  • – ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 for radio Communication safety
  • Mobile Communication safety 73/23/EEC and 91/263/EEC