Elberfeld


Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929.
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History

The first official mentioning of the geographic area on the banks of today's Wupper River as "elverfelde" was in a document of 1161. Etymologically, elver is derived from the old Low German word for "river." Therefore, the original meaning of "elverfelde" can be understood as "field on the river." Elverfelde received its town charter in 1610.
In 1726, Elias Eller and a pastor, Daniel Schleyermacher, founded a Philadelphian Society. They later moved to Ronsdorf in the Duchy of Berg, becoming the Zionites, a fringe sect.
In 1826 Friedrich Harkort, a famous German industrialist and politician, had a type of suspension railway built as a trial and ran it on the grounds of what is today the tax office at Elberfeld. In fact the railway, the Schwebebahn Wuppertal, was eventually built between Oberbarmen and Vohwinkel and runs through Elberfeld.
In 1888 the district of Sonnborn was incorporated into Elberfeld. In 1929 the towns of Barmen, Elberfeld, Vohwinkel, Cronenberg and Ronsdorf became a municipal entity officially called "Barmen-Elberfeld;" in the same year, the unified city administration through a vote of its council members decided to rename the newly incorporated city "Wuppertal." This took place in 1930. Today Elberfeld is the largest municipal subdivision of Wuppertal.
During World War II, Forced labour under German rule during [World War II|forced laborers] of the 3rd SS construction brigade were dispatched by the Nazis in Barmen-Elberfeld in 1943.
Wuppertal-Elberfeld is regarded as the most devastated city during the Allied strategic bombing of Germany in the Second World War, in which a single primary raid was carried out and 1,795 tons of explosives were dropped. In that attack, 352 hectares of built-up area were destroyed, amounting to a level of devastation of 94 percent.

Notable people