| xn--wgv71a | .日本 |  Japanlang\|ja|.日本国Language and communityThese proposals are centered on creating an independent Internet identity for linguistic and cultural communities. They are mostly inspired by the success of the domain created for websites in the Catalan language or about the Catalan culture.
| Domain name | Intended use | Sponsor | Year of Proposal | Comments | | Welsh language and Wales | | 2006 | It was proposed by dotCYM for Welsh language and Wales, but ICANN has reserved this for eventual assignment to the Cayman Islands. See also.cymru and.wales. | | England | | 2008 | The website was set up by John Sewell of Maidenhead in Berkshire. Mentioned in PC Pro Online: , Stuart Turton, 23 April 2008 | | Cornish language and Cornwall | | 2008 | Proposed domain name derived from "Kernow" | | Leonese language and culture | | 2007 | Several companies, associations, organizations, and institutions are involved in this campaign. | | Native, Aboriginal, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas | | 1999 | The original proposal for a Native American managed TLD predates ICANN, and its form was adopted by ICANN as the "sponsored" type of application and eventual contract in the 2001 new gTLD round. 's mission is to implement a top-level name space with an indigenous policy, provide an alternative to the several thousand indigenous public administrations, and the larger numbers of indigenous non-governmental, linguistic and cultural institutional, public and private economic enterprises, bands and individuals in the Western Hemisphere currently using name spaces operated under for-profit or colonial policies, and promote the economic development of Indian Country. | | Scotland | dotSCO | 2005 | dotSCO began in late 2005 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Scots community around the world. The campaign now appears to be defunct, effectively replaced by now-approved.scot. | | Székely Land | | 2009 | pontSIC began in late 2008 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Székely community around the world. The campaign was started by the Szekler National Council, and now are involved several companies and institutions. As of September 2009 there are over 33,200 signatories. |
- Note: The dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT and dotBZH have formed the , the European Cultural and Linguistic Internet Domains umbrella group to lobby for the successful and speedy application for the bids.
Technical domain name themes - – A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to facilitate fighting e-mail spam.
- – A domain for general use on the World Wide Web.
Specialized and professional topics - – environmental causes – Limited existence in 2016 and full launch in 2017.
- – medical practitioners and organizations – exists from 2016.
- – electronic commerce sites – exists from 2016.
- – sport sites
Blockchain and Web3 domain systems
In addition to traditional ICANN-regulated proposals, several projects have introduced top-level domains that operate on decentralized networks rather than the Domain Name System. These so-called Web3 or blockchain domains use distributed ledgers or smart contracts to register and resolve names, independent of ICANN governance.
Several Web3 registrars, such as Freename, Unstoppable Domains, and the Ethereum Name Service, have marketed blockchain-based top-level domains that mimic or extend conventional naming conventions. One example is the proposed .prompt domain, associated with Freename, which was mentioned in industry press following a United States intent-to-use trademark filing in August 2025.
Although such Web3 domains function outside the DNS root, their growing visibility has prompted discussion about potential coexistence or conflict between decentralized naming systems and ICANN-governed namespaces.
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