Clausiliidae


Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods, although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.
Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".

Shell description

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are sinistral, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shells in general.
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.

The clausilium

Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or clausilium. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in most pulmonate gastropods.
The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30.

Taxonomy

The type genus is Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805.
The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata.

2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows:
subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
  • tribe Baleini – synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
  • tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 – synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
  • tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
  • tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
  • tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 – synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
  • tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 – synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961
  • tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
  • tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981
subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
  • tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
  • tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
  • tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 – synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
  • tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
  • tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
  • tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 – Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
  • † tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014
  • tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 – synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
  • † tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
  • † tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
  • tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

Genera

Genera include:

Clausiliinae

Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 – with four subgenera: Acrotoma, Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
  • Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
  • Inobseratella Lindholm, 1924
  • Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Roseniella Thiele, 1931 – with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
  • Scrobifera O. Boettger, 1877
  • Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
tribe Baleini
  • Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
  • Balea J. E. Gray, 1824
  • Bulgarica O. Boettger, 1877 – with three subgenera Bulgarica, Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
  • Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
  • Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Mentissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
  • Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 – with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
  • Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
  • Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
  • Strigillaria Vest, 1867
  • Vestia Hesse, 1916 – with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • Boettgeria O. Boettger, 1863 – with two subgenera: Boettgeriaand Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
  • Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
  • Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
tribe Clausiliini
  • † Canalicia O. Boettger, 1863
  • Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805 – with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977
  • Erjavecia Brusina, 1870
  • Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1977
  • Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 – with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus
  • † Hollabrunnella H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963
  • Macrogastra Hartmann, 1841 – with three subgenera: Macrogastra, Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867
  • Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • † Parafusulus H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • † Pliodiptychia H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • Pseudidyla O. Boettger, 1877
  • Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 – has the only one species: Pseudofusulus varians
  • Ruthenica Lindholm, 1924
  • † Trolliella H. Nordsieck, 1981
Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • † Emarginaria O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
  • Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
  • Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • Graciliaria Bielz, 1867
  • † Truciella H. Nordsieck, 1978
Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924
  • Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
  • Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
  • Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 – with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
  • Galeata O. Boettger, 1877
  • Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
  • Olympicola Hesse, 1916
  • † Scrobiferoides Neubert, 1996
Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
  • Blaeneuxina Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2020
  • Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994
Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877

    Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913

Alopiinae
  • † Dextrospira Hrubesch, 1965
tribe Alopiini
  • Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
  • Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Montenegrina O. Boettger, 1877
  • Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921
  • † Protriloba H. Nordsieck, 2014
  • Triloba Vest, 1867
tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925
  • Cochlodina A. Férussac, 1821 – with four subgenera: Cochlodina; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
  • Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956
  • Barcania Brandt, 1956
  • Charpentieria Stabille, 1864 – with subgenera: Charpentieria
  • Delima Hartmann, 1842 – with four subgenera: Delima; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
  • Dilataria Vest, 1867
  • Gibbularia Cecconi, 1908
  • Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1879
  • Papillifera Hartmann, 1842
  • Sicania Tomlin, 1929
  • Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
  • Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
  • Albinaria Vest, 1867 – also includes former genusSericata O. Boettger, 1878.
  • Carinigera Möllendorff, 1873
  • Cristataria Vest, 1867
  • Inchoatia Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006
  • Isabellaria Vest, 1867
  • Lampedusa O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
  • Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
  • Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Muticaria Lindholm, 1925
  • Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
  • Vallatia E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006