Desmognathus


Desmognathus is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders. They range throughout the eastern United States as far west as Texas, and north to southeastern Canada.

Characteristics

Species of the genus Desmognathus have a unique jaw-opening mechanism where the lower jaw is stationary and the skull swings open. There are additional stalked condyles, an atlanto-mandibular ligament, along with other skeletal and musculature features that have evolved to accompany this type of jaw-opening mechanism. Additionally, they are known to exhibit maternal care by brooding over their eggs.

Species

This genus includes the following 39-40 species:
Binomial Name and AuthorCommon name
Desmognathus abditus
Anderson & Tilley, 2003
Cumberland dusky salamander
Desmognathus adatsihi
Cherokee mountain dusky salamander
Desmognathus aeneus
Brown & Bishop, 1947
Seepage salamander
Desmognathus amphileucus
Bishop, 1941
Nantahala blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus anicetus
Foothills dusky salamander
Desmognathus apalachicolae
Means & Karlin, 1989
Apalachicola dusky salamander
Desmognathus aureatus
Golden shovelnose salamander
Desmognathus auriculatus
Holbrook's southern dusky salamander
Desmognathus bairdi
Piedmont dusky salamander
Desmognathus balsameus
Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander
Desmognathus brimleyorum
Stejneger, 1895
Ouachita dusky salamander
Desmognathus campi
Savannah dusky salamander
Desmognathus carolinensis
Dunn, 1916
Carolina mountain dusky salamander
Desmognathus catahoula
Catahoula spotted dusky salamander
Desmognathus cheaha
Talladega seal salamander
Desmognathus conanti
Rossman, 1958
Spotted dusky salamander
Desmognathus folkertsi
Camp, Tilley, Austin & Marshall, 2002
Dwarf blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus fuscus
Northern dusky salamander
Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli
Cherokee blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus imitator
Dunn, 1927
Imitator salamander
Desmognathus intermedius
Central shovelnose salamander
Desmognathus kanawha
Kanawha blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus lycos
Wolf dusky salamander
Desmognathus marmoratus
Shovelnose salamander
Desmognathus mavrokoilius
Pisgah blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus monticola
Dunn, 1916
Seal salamander
Desmognathus ochrophaeus
Cope, 1859
Allegheny mountain dusky salamander
Desmognathus ocoee
Nicholls, 1949
Ocoee dusky salamander
Desmognathus orestes
Tilley & Mahoney, 1996
Blue Ridge dusky salamander
Desmognathus organi
Crespi & Browne, 2010
Northern pygmy salamander
Desmognathus pascagoula
Pascagoula dusky salamander
Desmognathus perlapsus
Tallulah dusky salamander
Desmognathus planiceps
Newman, 1955
Flat-headed salamander
Desmognathus quadramaculatus
Blackbelly salamander
Desmognathus santeetlah
Tilley, 1981
Santeetlah dusky salamander
Desmognathus tilleyi
Max Patch dusky salamander
Desmognathus valentinei
Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017
Valentine's southern dusky salamander
Desmognathus valtos
Carolina swamp dusky salamander
Desmognathus welteri
Barbour, 1950
Black Mountain dusky salamander
Desmognathus wrighti
King, 1936
Pygmy salamander