Cyrillization of German

Cyrillization of German is the conversion of text written in the German Latin alphabet into the Cyrillic alphabet, according to rules based on pronunciation. Because German orthography is largely phonemic, transcription into Cyrillic follows relatively simple rules.
The most common cyrillization method is the one based on the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. It is officially employed in Russian-language media.

Transcription rules

The standard rules for orthographic transcription into Russian were developed by Rudzhero S. Giliarevski and Boris A. Starostin in 1969 for various languages; they have been revised by later scholars including D. I. Ermolovich and I. S. Alexeyeva. The established spellings of a few names which were already common before this time sometimes deviates from these rules; for example, the Ludwig is traditionally Людвиг, with ю instead of у. It was also historically common to render personal names into their Russian forms or cognates, rather than strictly transliterating them, as with Peter being rendered as Пётр. German phonemes which do not exist in Russian are rendered by their closest approximations: the umlauts ö and ü are rendered as ё and ю, and ä and e are mostly rendered as е. H is now rendered with х or omitted ; it was historically often rendered with г, as in the name of Heinrich Heine. The Cyrillic letters ы and щ are not used.