Cross fluid
In fluid dynamics, a Cross fluid is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid whose viscosity depends upon shear rate according to the Cross power law equation:
where is viscosity as a function of shear rate, is the infinite-shear-rate viscosity, is the zero-shear-rate viscosity, is the time constant, and is the shear-thinning index.
The zero-shear viscosity is approached at very low shear rates, while the infinite shear viscosity is approached at very high shear rates.
When >, the fluid exhibits shear thinning behavior where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate; when <, the fluid displays shear thickening behavior where viscosity increases with shear rate.
It is named after Malcolm M. Cross who proposed this model in 1965.