Croix de Guerre 1939–1945

The Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 is a French military decoration, a version of the Croix de Guerre created on 26 September 1939 to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any time during World War II. After Germany invaded and overran mainland France in the Battle of France in May and June 1940, this Croix de Guerre was replaced by the pro-Axis Vichy French government with another Croix with a black-and-green ribbon, while the original was upheld by Free France. Since the triumph of the Free French side in World War II, this version is the only one officially recognized by the French government.

Award statute

Due to the large extent of the war zone, recipients included those who fought during, with, at, or in the following:

Award description

Medal

The Croix de Guerre was designed by the sculptor Paul-Albert Bartholomé. The medal is in size and is in the shape of a Maltese cross with two swords criss-crossed through the center. In the center of the front is the profile of the French Republic crested by a Phrygian cap. Around this portrait, are the words République française. On the reverse of the medal are the dates of the conflict : 1939–1940, 1939–1945, or simply 1940.

Ribbon

The suspension and service ribbon of the medal has a red background crossed with four green lines in its center.

Devices

On every medal and ribbon, there is at least one ribbon device, either in the shape of a palm or of a star, and fashioned from either bronze, silver, or silver-gilt. The relative importance of the six possible combinations is detailed below. The total number of devices on a "Croix de Guerre" is not limited.

Award grades

Mentioned in Despatches

The lowest degree is represented by a bronze star while the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm:

Bronze star for those who had been mentioned at the regiment or brigade level.
Silver star, for those who had been mentioned at the division level.
Silver-gilt star, for those who had been mentioned at the corps level.
Bronze palm, for those who had been mentioned at the army level.
Silver palm, represents five bronze ones.
Silver-gilt palm, for those who had been mentioned at the Free French Forces level.

The clasps are awarded for gallantry to any member of the French military or its allies and are, depending on the degree, roughly the equivalent to the U.S. Bronze Star and Silver Star or UK Military Cross and Military Medal.

Vichy France version

Following the German invasion and occupation of France in May 1940, the French collaborationist government created two croix during World War II, both utilizing a black-and-green ribbon pattern instead of the original red-and-green. These croix were both disavowed by the Free French government and the postwar French government, and wearing them is illegal in France. The Vichy Croix de Guerre employed the same tiered citations for the award as the officially-recognised version, excluding the added gilt palm.

Ribbon	Awards
	Croix de guerre
	Croix de guerre de la Légion des Volontaires Français