Coreopsis
Coreopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.
Description
These plants range from in height. The flowers are usually yellow with a toothed tip, but can also be yellow-and-red bicolor or pink. They have showy flower heads with involucral bracts in two distinct series of eight each, the outer being commonly connate at the base. The flat fruits are small and dry and look like insects.There are nearly 40 species of Coreopsis, all of which are native to North, Central, and South America. The name Coreopsis is derived from the Ancient Greek words κόρις, meaning "bedbug", and ὄψις, meaning "view", referring to the shape of the achene.
Species
39 species are currently accepted by Plants of the World Online.- Coreopsis aristulata
- Coreopsis auriculata
- Coreopsis bakeri
- Coreopsis basalis
- Coreopsis bolanosana
- Coreopsis breviligulata
- Coreopsis buchii
- Coreopsis canescentifolia
- Coreopsis falcata
- Coreopsis floridana
- Coreopsis gladiata
- Coreopsis glaucodes
- Coreopsis grandiflora
- Coreopsis imbricata
- Coreopsis integra
- Coreopsis integrifolia
- Coreopsis intermedia
- Coreopsis killipii
- Coreopsis lanceolata
- Coreopsis leavenworthii
- Coreopsis linifolia
- Coreopsis longula
- Coreopsis maysillesii
- Coreopsis mollicula
- Coreopsis multifida
- Coreopsis nudata
- Coreopsis nuecensis
- Coreopsis nuecensoides
- Coreopsis paludosa
- Coreopsis palustris
- Coreopsis peruviana
- Coreopsis piurana
- Coreopsis poloe
- Coreopsis pubescens
- Coreopsis rosea
- Coreopsis spectabilis
- Coreopsis teotepecensis
- Coreopsis tinctoria
- ''Coreopsis wrightii''
Formerly placed here
- Anacis delphiniifolia
- Anacis major
- Anacis palmata
- Anacis pulchra
- Anacis tripteris
- Anacis verticillata
- Bidens alba DC.
- Bidens aristosa Britton
- Bidens aurea Sherff
- Bidens mitis Sherff
- Bidens trichosperma Britton
- Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
- Cosmos parviflorus Pers.
- Electranthera cuneifolia
- Electranthera mutica
- Epilepis rudis
- Iostephane heterophylla Hemsl.
- Leptosyne bigelovii
- Leptosyne californica
- Leptosyne calliopsidea
- Leptosyne douglasii
- Leptosyne gigantea
- Leptosyne hamiltonii
- Leptosyne maritima
- Leptosyne stillmanii
- Silphidium latifolium
- Simsia amplexicaulis Pers.
- Simsia foetida S.F.Blake
- Thelesperma filifolium A.Gray
- Verbesina alternifolia Britton ex Kearney
- Verbesina occidentalis Walter (botanist)|Walter]
Taxonomy
Coreopsis is a variable genus closely related to Bidens. In fact, neither Coreopsis nor Bidens, as defined in the 20th century, is strictly monophyletic. Coreopsis is best described as paraphyletic. Previously, Coreopsis was classified into 11 sections and 114 species, but the African species were subsequently reclassified as Bidens, leaving the North and South American species, some 75–80 in all, under Coreopsis. 45 species are in the 11 North American sections, and the remaining 35 are in the South American section Pseudoagarista. The North American species fall into two broad groups, with 5 sections and 12 species in Mexico and North America and the remaining 5 sections and 26 species in Eastern North America.One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of temperate species from North America, including five sections of Coreopsis, Bidens coronata and Bidens tripartita, and the genus Thelesperma.
Plants of the World Online accepts the genera Anacis, Electranthera, Epilepis, Leptosyne, and Silphidium, which other authorities, including the Global Compositae Database, treat as synonyms of Coreopsis. Plants of the World Online treats Selleophytum as a synonym of Coreopsis.
Sections
One classification of the genus consists of eleven sections, shown by cladistic relationships with number of species in parentheses.Section Anathysana
- Coreopsis cyclocarpa S.F.Blake
Section Calliopsis
- Coreopsis bicolor
- Coreopsis leavenworthii Torr. & A.Gray - Leavenworth's tickseed
- Coreopsis paludosa M.E.Jones
- Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. - plains coreopsis
Section Coreopsis
- Coreopsis auriculata L. - lobed tickseed
- Coreopsis bakeri E.E.Schill.
- Coreopsis basalis S.F.Blake - goldenmane tickseed
- Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet - large-flowered tickseed
- Coreopsis intermedia Sherff - goldenwave tickseed
- Coreopsis lanceolata L. - lance coreopsis, lance-leaf tickseed
- Coreopsis nuecensis A.Heller - crown tickseed
- Coreopsis nuecensoides E.B.Sm. - Rio Grande tickseed
- Coreopsis pubescens Elliott - star tickseed
- Coreopsis wrightii H.M.Parker - rock tickseed
Section Electra
- Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm.
- Coreopsis mexicana
- Coreopsis mutica DC.
Section Eublepharis
- Coreopsis floridana E.B.Sm. - Florida tickseed
- Coreopsis gladiata Walter - coastalplain tickseed
- Coreopsis integrifolia Poir. - fringeleaf tickseed
- Coreopsis linifolia Nutt. - Texas tickseed
- Coreopsis nudata Nutt. - Georgia tickseed
- Coreopsis palustris Sorrie - swamp tickseed
- Coreopsis rosea Nutt. - pink tickseed
Section Gyrophyllum (syn. Palmatae)
- Coreopsis delphiniifolia Lam. - larkspurleaf tickseed
- Coreopsis major Walter - greater tickseed
- Coreopsis palmata Nutt. - stiff tickseed
- Coreopsis pulchra F.E.Boynton - woodland tickseed
- Coreopsis tripteris L. - tall tickseed
- Coreopsis verticillata L. - whorled tickseed
Section Leptosyne
- Coreopsis douglasii H.M.Hall - Douglas's tickseed
- Coreopsis californica H.Sharsm. - California tickseed
- Coreopsis stillmanii S.F.Blake - Stillman's tickseed
Section Pseudoagarista
South America, 35 species- Coreopsis mcvaughii D.J.Crawford
- Coreopsis petrophila A.Gray
- Coreopsis petrophiloides B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- Coreopsis spectabilis A.Gray
Section Pugiopappus
- Coreopsis bigelovii Voss - Bigelow's tickseed
- Coreopsis calliopsidea A.Gray - leafstem tickseed
- Coreopsis hamiltonii H. Sharsm. - Mount Hamilton tickseed
Section Silphidium
- Coreopsis latifolia Michx. - broadleaf tickseed
Section Tuckermannia
- Coreopsis gigantea H.M.Hall - giant coreopsis
- Coreopsis maritima Hook.f. - sea dahlia
Distribution and habitat
North American Coreopsis can be found in two habitats in the wild, growing along roadsides and open fields throughout the Eastern United States and Canada. In this environment the plant will self-sow.Ecology
Coreopsis species are a source of nectar and pollen for insects. The species is known to provide food to caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, including Coleophora acamtopappi.Cultivation
Coreopsis can grow in a garden as a border plant, or in a container, preferring well-drained soil. Deadheading the flowers ensures it does not become weedy. Using the U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones will identify what soil and climate is preferred for different cultivars or species. Notable species found in cultivation are C. grandiflora and C. verticillata, as well as their various cultivars.The sunny, summer-blooming, daisy-like flowers are popularly planted in gardens to attract butterflies. Both annual and perennial types are grown in the home garden. In the Mid-Atlantic region, insects such as bees, hover flies, and wasps are often observed visiting the flowers.