Convolutidae
Convolutidae is a family of acoels, belonging to the phylum Xenacoelomorpha. This family contains more than a third of all known acoel species.
Description
The family Convolutidae includes acoels with a ventral mouth opening and a body-wall musculature composed both dorsally and ventrally of circular, longitudinal, and longitudinal crossover muscle fibers. The ventral body wall also has a group of U-shaped fibers. Most species are symbionts with algae. The anterior end has a cluster of frontal glands, a pair of eyes and a statocyst. The body has pigmented lens. Intestine and excretory system is absent. It is hermaphrodite but protandry is common.Taxonomy
Genera
There are 26 genera in the family Convolutidae, of which 25 are extant. The type genus is Convoluta.- †Gutticorpus Knaust, 2021Achoerus Beklemischev, 1914Adenopea Antonius, 1968Amphiscolops Graff, 1904Antrosagittifera Hooge & Tyler, 2001Brachypea Antonius, 1968Conaperta Antonius, 1968Convoluta Ørsted, 1843Convolutriloba Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988Haplodiscus Weldon, 1888Heterochaerus Haswell, 1905Neochildia Bush, 1975Oligochoerus Beklemischev, 1963Oxyposthia Ivanov, 1952Pelophila Dörjes, 1968Philachoerus Dörjes, 1968Polychoerus Mark, 1892Praesagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990Pseudanaperus Dörjes, 1968Pseudoconvoluta Beklemischev, 1929Sagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990Stomatricha Hooge, 2003Symsagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990Thalassoanaperus Hernandez, 2018Waminoa Winsor, 1990Wulguru Winsor, 1988
Species
There are over 100 species recognised in the family Convolutidae:- †Gutticorpus concentrica Knaust, 2021Achoerus caspius Beklemischev, 1914Achoerus ferox Beklemischev, 1937Achoerus pachycaudatus Dörjes, 1968Adenopea cenata Adenopea chuni Adenopea illardata Löhner & Micoletzky, 1911Adenopea illardatus Amphiscolops bermudensis Hyman 1939Amphiscolops castellonensis Steinböck, 1954Amphiscolops cinereus Amphiscolops evelinae Marcus 1947Amphiscolops fuligineus Peebles 1913Amphiscolops gemelliporus Marcus 1954Amphiscolops gerundensis Steinböck, 1954Amphiscolops japonicus Kato 1947Amphiscolops marinelliensis Beltagi & Khafagi, 1984Amphiscolops mosaicus Kozloff 1998Amphiscolops potocani Achatz, 2008Amphiscolops trifurcatus Amphiscolops zeii Riedl 1956Antrosagittifera corallina Hooge & Tyler, 2001Brachypea kenoma Antonius 1968Conaperta antonii Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007Conaperta cirrata Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007Conaperta flavibacillum Conaperta lineata Convoluta albomaculata Convoluta baltica Meixner, 1938Convoluta bimaculata Graff, 1882Convoluta bohmigi Convoluta borealis Sabussow 1900Convoluta boyeri Bush 1984Convoluta chiridotae Convoluta confusa Graff 1904Convoluta convoluta Convoluta enelitta Antonius 1968Convoluta furugelmi Mamkaev, 1971Convoluta henseni Böhmig, 1895Convoluta hipparchia Pereyaslawzewa 1892Convoluta kikaiensis Yamasu 1982Convoluta krana Antonius, 1968Convoluta lacazii Graff 1891Convoluta lacrimosa Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007Convoluta marginalis Ivanov 1952Convoluta maris-alba Convoluta marisalbi Sabussov, 1900Convoluta naviculae Yamasu 1982Convoluta niphoni Achatz, 2008Convoluta pelagica Lohner & Micoletzky 1911Convoluta philippinensis Bush 1984Convoluta punctata Riedl, 1959Convoluta pygopora Antonius 1968Convoluta schmidti Czerniavsky, 1881Convoluta schuelii Achatz, 2008Convoluta semperi Graff, 1882Convoluta sordida Graff 1882Convoluta thela Convoluta uljanini Graff, 1904Convoluta variabilis Convolutriloba hastifera Winsor, 1990Convolutriloba longifissura Bartolomaeus & Balzer, 1997Convolutriloba macropyga Shannon & Achatz, 2007Convolutriloba retrogemma Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988Haplodiscus acuminatus Böhmig, 1895Haplodiscus bocki Dörjes 1970Haplodiscus incola Haplodiscus obtusus Böhmig, 1895Haplodiscus ovatus Böhmig, 1895Haplodiscus piger Weldon 1888Haplodiscus ussovi Sabussow, 1896Haplodiscus weldoni Böhmig, 1895Heterochaerus australis Haswell 1905Heterochaerus blumi Heterochaerus carvalhoi Heterochaerus langerhansi Heterochaerus sargassi Neochildia fusca Bush, 1975Oligochoerus bakuensis Beklemischev 1963Oligochoerus chlorella Beklemischev 1963Oligochoerus conops Beklemischev, 1963Oligochoerus erythrophthalmus Beklemischev 1963Oligochoerus limnophilus Ax & Doerjes 1966Oligochoerus melanops Beklemischev 1963Oligochoerus xanthella Beklemischev 1963Oxyposthia praedator Ivanov 1952Pelophila lutheri Philachoerus johanni Dörjes, 1968Praesagittifera gracilis Praesagittifera naikaiensis Praesagittifera shikoki Kostenko & Mamkaev 1990Sagittifera sagittifera Stomatricha hochbergi Hooge, 2003Thalassoanaperus australis Thalassoanaperus biaculeatus Thalassoanaperus gardineri Thalassoanaperus ornatus Thalassoanaperus rubellus Thalassoanaperus singularis Thalassoanaperus sulcatus Thalassoanaperus tvaerminnensis Waminoa brickneri Ogunlana, Hooge, Tekle, Benayahu, Barneah & Tyler, 2005Waminoa litus Winsor 1990Wulguru cuspidata Winsor 1988