Conocephalus
Conocephalus is a genus of bush crickets, known as coneheads. It was described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1815.
Description
Conocephalus range from 10 to 27 mm in length, measured from head to wingtip. They can be distinguished from the related genus Orchelimum by being smaller and slimmer in general, the face usually being green and the ovipositors of females usually being straight.The forewings vary in length. Some species always have short forewings, some usually have short forewings but occasionally have individuals with forewings longer than the abdomen, and some always have long forewings.
Species can be distinguished by the shapes of the cerci and ovipositor.
Ecology
Bush crickets of this genus live in fields and meadows, where they feed on leaves, flowers, pollen and seeds of grasses and forbs. They also sometimes prey on other insects. Females lay their eggs in grass stems.Subgenera and species
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following species, grouped into subgenera:''Conocephalus (Amurocephalus)''
- subgenus: Storozhenko, 2004''Conocephalus (Anisoptera)''
- subgenus: Latreille, 1829 - synonym Xiphidium Burmeister, 1838Conocephalus aberrans Conocephalus adustus Conocephalus aigialus Rehn & Hebard, 1915Conocephalus algerinorum Massa, 1999Conocephalus angustifrons Conocephalus angustivertex Pitkin, 1980Conocephalus armatipes Conocephalus attenuatus Conocephalus bakeri Conocephalus bechuanensis Conocephalus beybienkoi Storozhenko, 1981Conocephalus bidentatus Shi & Zheng, 1994Conocephalus bilineatus Conocephalus bivittatus Conocephalus borellii Conocephalus borneensis Conocephalus brevicercus Conocephalus brevipennis Conocephalus caudalis Conocephalus chavesi Conocephalus cinereus Thunberg, 1815Conocephalus cognatus Conocephalus concolor Conocephalus decaspinosus Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016Conocephalus denticercus Conocephalus dorsalidentatus Li, Zhang & Shi, 2019Conocephalus dorsalis Conocephalus ebneri Harz, 1966Conocephalus equatorialis Conocephalus exemptus Conocephalus exitiosus Conocephalus exsul Conocephalus fasciatus Conocephalus flavus Conocephalus formosus Conocephalus fulmeki Conocephalus fuscus : disputed synonym C. discolor - long-winged ConeheadConocephalus gigantius Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977Conocephalus gracilicercus Li & Shi, 2018Conocephalus gracillimus Morse, 1901Conocephalus guangdongensis Shi & Liang, 1997Conocephalus hainanensis Shi & Wang, 2015Conocephalus hastatus Conocephalus hilli Farooqi & Usmani, 2019Conocephalus honorei Conocephalus hygrophilus Rehn & Hebard, 1915Conocephalus ictus Conocephalus inconspicuus Conocephalus infumatus Conocephalus insularis Conocephalus iriodes Rehn & Hebard, 1915Conocephalus iris Conocephalus japonicus Conocephalus kisi Harz, 1967Conocephalus kwasiphaiensis Nagar & Swaminathan, 2016Conocephalus liangi Liu & Zhang, 2007Conocephalus liebermanni Ebner, 1953Conocephalus longipennis Conocephalus maculatus Conocephalus magdalenae Naskrecki, 2000Conocephalus meadowsae Harz, 1970Conocephalus melaenus Conocephalus nanlingensis Li, Xin & Shi, 2019Conocephalus nemoralis Conocephalus nigropleuroides Fox, 1912Conocephalus nigropleurum Conocephalus occidentalis Conocephalus oceanicus Conocephalus ochrotelus Rehn & Hebard, 1915Conocephalus percaudatus Bey-Bienko, 1955Conocephalus peringueyi Uvarov, 1928Conocephalus pictus Conocephalus recticaudus Bruner, 1915Conocephalus redtenbacheri Conocephalus rentzi Farooqi & Usmani, 2018Conocephalus resacensis Rehn & Hebard, 1915Conocephalus resinus Conocephalus rhodesianus Conocephalus saltator Conocephalus semivittatus Conocephalus semraensis Farooqi & Usmani, 2021Conocephalus shanghaiensis Zhou, Bi & Liu, 2010Conocephalus signatus Conocephalus spartinae Conocephalus spinosus Conocephalus starmuehlneri Kaltenbach, 1968Conocephalus strictus Conocephalus trifasciatus Conocephalus trivittatus Conocephalus truncatus Conocephalus tumidus Pitkin, 1980Conocephalus tumultuosus Willemse, 1942Conocephalus unicolor Bruner, 1915Conocephalus versicolor Conocephalus vestitus Conocephalus willemsei Pitkin, 1980Conocephalus yunnanensis Shi & Feng, 2009''Conocephalus (Aphauropus)''
- subgenus: Rehn & Hebard, 1915 Conocephalus leptopterus Rehn & Hebard, 1915''Conocephalus (Chloroxiphidion)''
- subgenus: Hebard, 1922 Conocephalus albescens Conocephalus bituberculatus Conocephalus dubius Willemse, 1942Conocephalus javanicus Conocephalus laetus Conocephalus striata Willemse, 1942Conocephalus upoluensis Conocephalus vaginatus Willemse, 1942''Conocephalus (Conocephalus)''
- subgenus: Thunberg, 1815 Conocephalus bambusanus Ingrisch, 1990 Conocephalus basutoanus Chopard, 1955Conocephalus bispinatus Pitkin, 1980Conocephalus brevivalvus Conocephalus brincki Chopard, 1955Conocephalus conocephalustype species Conocephalus differentus Shi & Liang, 1997Conocephalus emeiensis Shi & Zheng, 1999Conocephalus lugubris Conocephalus obtectus Karny, 1907Conocephalus saltans Conocephalus somali Conocephalus sulcifrontis Xia & Liu, 1992Conocephalus tridens Hebard, 1933Conocephalus xiai Liu & Zhang, 2007