Comparison of server-side web frameworks
This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications. This article focuses on frameworks used for building the backend.
General
Basic information about each framework.Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.
ASP.NET
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| ASP.NET Dynamic Data | |||
| Base One Foundation Component Library | 7.51 | 2018-06-01 | |
| Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture | 4.11.2 | 2019-07-31 | |
| MonoRail | 2.1 | 2011-03-17 |
C++
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| CppCMS | 2.0.1 | 2025-11-02 | |
| Drogon | 1.9.5 | 2024-06-08 | |
| Poco | Boost Software License | ||
| Wt | 4.10.4 | 2024-03-06 | GPL, Proprietary |
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| ColdBox Platform |
Elixir
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Phoenix | ; |
Haskell
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Snap | 1.1.3.2 | 2023-07-19 | |
| Yesod |
Java
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Apache Click | 2.3.0 | 2011-03-27 | |
| Apache OFBiz | ; | ||
| Apache Shale | 1.0.4 | 2007-12-19 | |
| Apache Sling | 12 | 2022-03-18 | |
| Apache Struts | ; | ||
| Apache Tapestry | ; | ||
| Apache Wicket | ; | ||
| AppFuse | 3.5.0 | 2015-02-20 | |
| Eclipse Mojarra | ; | ||
| Eclipse RAP | 4.1 | 2024-12-04 | |
| Grails | ; | ||
| Google Web Toolkit | 2.12.2 | 2025-03-03 | |
| JBoss Seam | 3.1.0 final | 2012-01-13 | |
| JWt | ; | GPL, Proprietary | |
| Netty | ; | Apache License 2.0 | |
| OpenLaszlo | 4.9.0 | 2010-10-21 | |
| Oracle ADF | 12.2.1.4 | 2019-10-09 | Oracle Technology Network Developer License |
| Play | ; | ||
| Spring | ; | ||
| Stripes | 1.6.0 | 2015-07-23 | |
| Vaadin | ; | ||
| Wavemaker | 11.6.0 | 2024-03-03 | |
| WebObjects | 5.4.3 | 2008-09-15 |
JavaScript
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Analog | ; | ||
| Express.js | ; | ||
| Fastify | ; | ||
| Meteor | ; | ||
| NestJS | ; | ||
| Next.js | ; | ||
| Nuxt | ; | ||
| Remix | ; | ||
| Sails.js | ; | ||
| SvelteKit | ; |
Perl
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Catalyst | Artistic, GPL | ||
| Dancer | |||
| Maypole | 2.13 | 2008-04-18 | |
| Mojolicious | Artistic |
PHP
| Project | Start date | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| CakePHP | 2005-08 | |||
| CodeIgniter | 2006-02-28 | |||
| Fat-Free | 2009-09 | |||
| FuelPHP | 2011-08 | |||
| Gyroscope | 2008-11-20 | 20.4 | 2023-11-24 | |
| Jamroom | 2003-07-28 | |||
| Kajona | 2006 | 6.2 | 2017-06-08 | |
| Laminas | 2006-03 | 3.8.0 | 2024-11-21 | |
| Laravel | 2011-07-31 | |||
| Li3 | 2009-10 | |||
| Phalcon | 2012-11-14 | 5.10.0 | 2025-12-25 | |
| Pop PHP | 2012-03-19 | 6.0.0 | 2025-11-03 | |
| PRADO | 2004-01 | |||
| SilverStripe | 2007-02-03 | |||
| Smart.Framework | 2015-02-01 | |||
| Symfony | 2005-10 | |||
| Yii | 2008-12-03 |
Python
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| BlueBream | ; | ZPL | |
| CherryPy | ; | BSD | |
| CubicWeb | ; | LGPL | |
| Django | ; | ||
| FastAPI | ; | ||
| Flask | ; | ||
| Google App Engine | ; | LGPL, Proprietary | |
| Grok | ; | ZPL | |
| Gunicorn | ; | ||
| Pylons | ; | ||
| Pyramid | ; | ||
| Tornado | ; | Apache | |
| TurboGears | ; | MIT, LGPL | |
| web2py | ; | LGPL3 | |
| Zope 2 | ; | ZPL |
Ruby
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Padrino | 0.14.4 | 2019-01-14 | |
| Ruby on Rails | ; | ||
| Sinatra | ; |
Scala
| Project | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| Lift | 3.4.3 | 2020-11-28 | Apache 2.0 |
| Play | 2.8.8 | 2021-04-08 | Apache 2.0 |
| Scalatra | 2.8.1 | 2021-09-25 | BSD |
Others
| Project | Language | Current stable version | Release date | License |
| AIDA/Web | Smalltalk | 6.7 | 2014-09-14 | |
| Oracle APEX | PL/SQL | 22.2 | 2022-11-10 | |
| Flex | ActionScript, MXML | 4.16.1 | 2019-11-23 | |
| Grails | Groovy | 6.2.2 | 2024-11-20 | |
| Morfik | C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java | 3.0.8.1 | 2010-12-13 | |
| Opa | Opa | 1.1.1 | 2013-04-16 | |
| OpenACS | Tcl | 5.10.1 | 2024-09-03 | |
| Rocket | Rust | 0.5.1 | 2024-05-23 | |
| Tokio | Rust | 1.48.0 | 2025-10-14 | |
| Seaside | Smalltalk | 3.5.9 | 2024-10-20 |
Comparison of features
C++
ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)
| Project | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework | DB migration framework | Security framework | Template framework | Caching framework | Form validation framework |
| ColdBox Platform | Push-pull | via TestBox |
Java
| Project | Language | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework | DB migration framework | Security framework | Template framework | Caching framework | Form validation framework |
| Apache Click | Java | Page oriented | Pull | |||||||||
| Apache OFBiz | Java, Groovy, XML, | |||||||||||
| Apache Sling | Java | Uses JCR content repository | - | |||||||||
| Apache Struts | Java | |||||||||||
| Apache Tapestry | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
| Apache Wicket | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
| Grails | Groovy | Push | ||||||||||
| JavaServer Faces | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
| Project | Language | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework | DB migration framework | Security framework | Template framework | Caching framework | Form validation framework |
| JBoss Seam | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
| JWt | Java | |||||||||||
| Play | Java, Scala | |||||||||||
| Spring | Java | Push | ||||||||||
| Stripes | Java | Pull | ||||||||||
| Vaadin | Java | |||||||||||
| Wavemaker | JavaScript, Java | Push | ||||||||||
| Project | Language | Ajax | MVC framework | MVC push-pull | i18n & L10n? | ORM | Testing framework | DB migration framework | Security framework | Template framework | Caching framework | Form validation framework |
| WebObjects | Java | |||||||||||
| Google Web Toolkit | Java, JavaScript | JUnit, jsUnit, Selenium | via Java | |||||||||
| ZK | Java, ZUML |