Chemical potential and carrier density in bismuth thin films under three-dimensional quantizations
Chemical potential and carrier density in bismuth thin films under three-dimensional quantizations is a scholarly work, published in 1988 in ''Physical Review B''. The main subjects of the publication include materials science, bismuth, semimetal, Thermoelectric materials, electron, quantum dot, thin film, condensed matter physics, magnetic field, band gap, and ice nucleus. Comparison of the calculated results and experimental data suggests that the energy-band model would remain valid in thin films and the localized electrons would amount to 1% (order of magnitude) of the carrier density.