Cartography of Ukraine

The cartography of Ukraine involves the history of surveying and the construction of maps of Ukraine.

Early maps

The oldest-known 'map' of part of Ukraine is the Dura-Europos route map, found in 1923 on the shield of a Roman soldier in Dura-Europos on the banks of the Euphrates in present-day Syria. It features part of the Black Sea coast, including the Greek names of cities on the territory of modern Ukraine, such as Τύρα μί πδ´ or Tyras, near modern Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, and the Borysthenes river. Hand-drawn maps of Ukraine have been produced since the Middle Ages.
Polish historian Bernard Wapowski was the first to create modern "maps of Poland and Lithuania, includ Ukraine as far east as the Dnieper River and the Black Sea", in 1526 and 1528. Battista Agnese's 1548 map was the first to include Ukrainian territory east of the Dnipro, and south of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Especially the Black Sea region was well-mapped due to its strategic and economic importance as the Ottoman Empire rose as a regional power.
During the Turkish wars between 1568 and 1918, high-quality French maps were kept as state secrets amid diplomatic negotiations, while 20th-century maps have reflected the region's multiple changes of government.
Ukraine is largely absent from the maps of the Turkish manuscript mapping-tradition that flourished during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror ; the Mediterranean received its own section in world maps, but typical Turkish maps of the period omitted the Black Sea, and the entire region of the Rus' appeared as just a small portion of Asia between the Caspian and the Mediterranean.

17th century

Two centuries later Guillaume le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan became one of the more prominent cartographers working with Ukrainian data. His 1639 descriptive map of the region was the first such one produced, and after he published a pair of Ukraine maps of different scale in 1660, his drawings were republished throughout much of Europe. A copy of de Beauplan's maps played a crucial role in negotiations between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1640; its depiction of the disputed Kodak Fortress was of such quality that the head Polish ambassador, Wojciech Miaskowski, deemed it dangerous to exhibit it to his Turkish counterparts.
Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola's 1684 map of Tartaria d'Europa
includes "Vkraina o Paese dei Cossachi de Zaporowa" .

18th century

English-language maps of 1769 depicted the Crimean Khanate as part of its suzerain, the Ottoman Empire, with clear boundaries between the Muslim-ruled states in the south and the Christian-ruled states to the north. Another map from the eighteenth century, inscribed in Latin, was careful to depict a small buffer zone between Kiev and the Polish border.

Modern maps

In more recent history, maps of the country have reflected its tumultuous political status and relations with Russia; for example, the city known as "Lvov" during the Soviet era was depicted as "Leopol" or "Lemberg" during its time in the Habsburg realms, while post-Soviet maps produced in Ukraine have referred to it by its endonym of "Lviv"..

Literature

Vortman, Dmytro; Hordiyenko, Yakiv; Maiorov, Maksym. : від кімерійців до сьогодення. – Харків: Клуб сімейного дозвілля, 2018. ISBN 978-617-12-3719-3. http://resource.history.org.ua/item/0013856.
Rashkovskiy, Boris. . ISTORIYA..