Carlos Pérez Soto


Carlos Pérez Soto is a Chilean teacher of physics, lecturer at various universities and a social sciences researcher. He is the author of several works covering a wide range of topics: philosophy of science and epistemology, political philosophy and Marxism, Dance History, anti-psychiatry.
In 2017, he was a militant of the Autonomist Movement, organization then member of the left-wing coalition Broad Front. He left the MA in mid-2018 before its merger into Social Convergence in November of that year.

Biography

In 1972 he joined the Faculty of Education at the University of Chile for the career of Pedagogy in Physics. In 1979, he obtained the state degree of a Government Authorized Teacher of Physics, which is his only formal academic degree. Although he began studying in the heyday of the student movement's political activity during the government of Salvador Allende, he spent most of his student life during the years of the Chilean military dictatorship.
Between 1975 and 1999, he worked as a secondary school teacher of physics in schools and colleges of Santiago.
In 1984, he began teaching in higher education at the Institute of Arts and Social Sciences, which brought together intellectuals opposed to Pinochet's dictatorship and which, as of 1991, became known as ARCIS. He continued his career as a university professor, teaching epistemology and philosophy of science in psychology departments, first at the Diego Portales University and later at the University of Chile. In the late 1980s, he already started to become widely known among students and scholars for his critical approach, his Marxist analysis and concrete policy proposals. In this context, he received invitations to give lectures and conferences at numerous Chilean universities, so that the following years were characterized by an intense teaching activity.
In the last decade, he has taught regular courses and elective seminars at the University of Chile, at the Catholic University of Valparaiso, the Andrés Bello National University, at University of Santiago, Academy of Christian Humanism University and at the Finis Terrae University.
In the late 1990s he also started giving some seminars and conferences outside Chile, at the Autonomous University of Barcelona on Hegel and Marxism, as well as in Cali, at the Universidad del Valle on epistemology and dialectics.
At the ARCIS University, where he focused his academic work, besides serving as senior researcher at the Center for Social Research and as a Coordinator of Academic Informatics, he taught regular courses at the School of Psychology and the School of Sociology, Philosophy, Political Science and Pedagogy of Dance.
As a Marxist intellectual, he has often been interviewed by the leftist press, mainly because he has made relevant theoretical contributions to the political discussion. He actively participated in the student movement of 2011 and 2012 providing analysis and proposals to change the Chilean educational model.
His class analysis of neoliberal society has attracted the interest of international organizations which have invited him to lecture on the subject.
Being a scholar of Hegel and of the reception of Hegel and Marx at the Frankfurt School, particularly of Herbert Marcuse, Carlos Pérez is a regular speaker at international meetings. Since 2009, in addition to the vast educational activity in regular and elective courses at the universities, he has been giving a number of free biannual seminars about Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, on Marxism and Psychoanalysis, Critical Theory of Law, History of Marxism, Carl Sagan: Introduction to the current natural philosophy.
Since that same year, he also teaches as a professor of epistemology in several graduate programs at the university Andrés Bello and the ARCIS University. In his classes and seminars, he deals with the critical reflection on methodological aspects of the social sciences. He usually presents himself as a teacher of physics, which intends to be "a provocation against the academic establishment", as he himself has declared. The national press, however, prefers to refer to him as "a great epistemologist".
Since 2013, he has decided to publish his books under a Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.

Theoretical contribution and main ideas

In epistemology, he has developed a historical and dialectical analysis of the concept of science, more precisely:
  • The development of the idea that the scientific method should be considered a logic to confer legitimacy to the scientific community;
  • the proposal to rationally reconstruct the history of philosophy of science, in order to enable criticism of the claim to truth which is implied in the scientific method;
  • the development of a historical concept of science based on a Marxist critique of Paul Feyerabend's epistemological anarchism;
  • the formulation of a critique of the prevailing public middle class subjectivity, emanating from a historical and social concept of modern psychology.
From a political point of view, Carlos Pérez bases his theoretical approach and practical proposals in "Hegelian Marxism", a standpoint which, as he points out, could become the philosophical foundation towards the emergence of a new type of Marxism. In this regard, the following contributions stand out:
  • The idea that bureaucracy should be considered a social class in the Marxist sense of the term;
  • a Marxist critique of the ruling regime in socialist countries based on the notion of bureaucracy as a social class;
  • an analysis of the process of objective bureaucratization occurred in advanced capitalism;
  • a proposal for the reconstruction of Marxist theory based on a materialist reading of Hegel's philosophy.
His propositions for a new anti-psychiatry constitute a political program as well. They focus on a profound critique of the psychiatric practices, on the need for an de-medicalization and de-privatization of the symptoms, in order to bring the issues back to the actual field of their causation, origins and perpetuation: the social sphere. Among other differences with the anti-psychiatry postulates of the twentieth century, the "new" anti-psychiatry promoted by Pérez Soto also overcomes the paternalistic aspects of the notion of psychiatric hospitals as "shelter homes". It also goes beyond the organization of a more humane or better quality psychiatric care, giving way to an anti-psychiatry that emerges from the affected people themselves. Besides summarizing and illustrating the historical interconnection between the different stages of critical psychiatry and anti-psychiatry, Carlos Pérez makes two particular contributions can be highlighted:
  • A critique of the medicalization processes of behavioral disorders;
  • the proposal of distinctions when it comes to criticizing the medicalization and commodification of modern medicine.
The following contributions in the field of art and dance are relevant:
  • His proposal of a theoretically founded reconstruction of the history of European modern dance throughout the twentieth century;
  • his proposal of technical differentiation of style in contemporary dance;
  • his theoretical distinctions regarding political art, the political use of art and the particular politics of the artistic sector.
With his second book Comentar obras de danza, he finalized his excursion through the history of dance. As he explains, because he wanted to return to the core of his analyses.

Works

Books

Sobre la condición social de la psicología. 1st edition, ARCIS - LOM, Santiago, October 1996, 2nd extended edition LOM, Santiago, 2009, Epistemología de la ciencia. Published by Instituto de Educación y Pedagogía, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia, March 1998,Sobre un concepto histórico de ciencia. 1st edition, ARCIS - LOM, Santiago, October 1998, 2nd revised edition, LOM, Santiago, July 2008,, 978-956-282-991-5Comunistas otra vez, para una crítica del poder burocrático. 1st edition, ARCIS - LOM, Santiago, 2001, 2nd revised edition, LOM, Santiago, July 2008, Sobre Hegel. 1st edition, Editorial Palinodia, Santiago, 2006, 2nd revised edition, LOM, Santiago, 2010,, 978-956-843-805-0Proposición de un marxismo hegeliano. 1st edition, Editorial Universidad ARCIS, Santiago, 2008. 2nd revised and extended edition, published on the Internet under a Creative Commons license, 2013Proposiciones en torno a la historia de la danza. Editorial LOM, Santiago, 2008,, 978-956-00-0007-1Desde Hegel, para una crítica radical de las ciencias sociales. Editorial Itaca, Mexico City, Mexico, 2008,, 978-968-93-2511-6Una nueva antipsiquiatría. Editorial LOM, Santiago, 2012, Comentar obras de danza. Published on the Internet under a Creative Commons license, 2013Marxismo y movimiento popular. Published on the Internet under a Creative Commons license, 2013

Articles (selection)

En defensa de un marxismo hegeliano, in Chilean edition of Actuelle Marx, ARCIS, 2003 La danza como forma artística, Revista Aisthesis Nº 43, Instituto de Estética, Universidad Católica de Chile, julio de 2008Derecho a la violencia y violencia del derecho, Revista Derecho y Humanidades N° 20, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Chile, 2012. Publicado en Brasil en la revista Arma da Critica, N° 4, diciembre de 2012, indexada en Latindex.Vaguedad en el realismo jurídico, Revista Derecho y Humanidades N° 19, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Chile, 2012