De Candolle system

The De Candolle system is a system of plant taxonomy by French botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.

History

The first taxonomic system by de Candolle, who introduced the term taxonomy, appeared in his description of the plants of France, his Flore française, in 5 volumes dealing with plant species found in France.
The De Candolle system is a subsequent taxonomic system.

It was originally published by de Candolle in the Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l’art de décrire et d’etudier les végétaux.
It was further developed and published in editions of the very extensive but unfinished Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, dealing only with dicotyledons.

The abbreviation Syst. in de Candolle's work and subsequent literature refers to his Regni vegetabilis systema naturale.

Systems

The De Candolle system recognises the following groups of vascular plants. Within the Prodromus he cross references his earlier Regni vegetabilis systema naturale.
A general schema is laid out in the Regnii vegetabilis pp. 117–122, as follows:
Plantae Vasculares seu Cotyledoneae DC.

classis I. DICOTYLEDONEÆ seu Exogenae
: subclassis 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
: subclassis 2. CALYCIFLORÆ
: subclassis 3. COROLLIFLORÆ
: subclassis 4. MONOCHLAMYDEÆ
classis II. MONOCOTYLEDONEÆ

Flore française

Vol I
* Table of genera p. 57
* Introduction : Principes élémentaires de botanique p. 61ff.
Vol II
* Class I: Acotylédones p. 1

11 families

** Family 11: Nayades
Vol III
* Class II: Monocotylédonés Phanérogames p. 1
** Family 12: Gramineae p. 1
** Family 13: Cyperaceae p. 99
** Family 14: Typhaceae p. 147
** Family 15: Aroideae p. 150
** Family 16: Junceae p. 155
** Family 17: Asparageae p. 172
** Family 18: Alismaceae p. 181
** Family 19: Colchicaceae p. 192
** Family 20: Liliaceae p. 198
*** Ordre I: Liliacées p. 199
*** Ordre II: Asphodèles p. 204
*** Ordre III: Narcisses p. 229
** Family 21: Irideae p. 235
** Family 22: Orchideae p. 243
** Family 23: Hydrocharideae p. 265
* Class III: Dicotylédonés p. 269

Vol IV - 2 parts
Vol V

Théorie élémentaire de la botanique

List of De Candolle system families recognized in the Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, on page 213:

I. VÉGÉTAUX VASCULAIRES OU COTYLÉDONÉS p. 213
* 1. Exogènes ou dicotylédones p. 213
* 2. Endogènes ou monocotylédonés p. 219
** A. Phanérogames p. 219
*** 114. Cycadées p. 219
*** 124. Amaryllidées
*** 128. Liliacées
**** 1. Asparagées
**** 2. Trilliacées
**** 3. Asphodelées
**** 4. Bromeliées
**** 5. Tulipacées
*** 135. Graminées
** B. Cryptogames p. 220
II. VÉGÉTAUX CELLULAIRES OU ACOTYLÉDONÉS p. 220

Prodromus

The De Candolle system families were further developed in the Prodromus.
Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. Here, a family is indicated as "ordo". Terminations for families were not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective, the present day ICBN provides for this.
Within the dicotyledons the De Candolle system recognises the list:

Subclassis I. THALAMIFLORÆ Part I

: ordo I. RANUNCULACEÆ
: ordo II. DILLENIACEÆ
: ordo III. MAGNOLIACEÆ
: ordo IV. ANONACEÆ
: ordo V. MENISPERMACEÆ
: ordo VI. BERBERIDEÆ
: ordo VII. PODOPHYLLACEÆ
: ordo VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
: ordo VIIIbis. SARRACENIACEÆ
: ordo IX. PAPAVERACEÆ
: ordo X. FUMARIACEÆ
: ordo XIbis. RESEDACEÆ
: ordo XI. CRUCIFERÆ
: ordo XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
: ordo XIII. FLACOURTIANEÆ
: ordo XIV. BIXINEÆ
: ordo XIVbis. LACISTEMACEÆ
: ordo XV. CISTINEÆ
: ordo XVI. VIOLARIEÆ
: ordo XVII. DROSERACEÆ
: ordo XVIII. POLYGALACEÆ
: ordo XIX. TREMANDREÆ
: ordo XX. PITTOSPOREÆ
: ordo XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
: ordo XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
: ordo XXIII. LINEÆ
: ordo XXIV. MALVACEÆ
: ordo XXV. BOMBACEÆ
: ordo XXVI. BYTTNERIACEÆ
: ordo XXVII. TILIACEÆ
: ordo XXVIII. ELÆOCARPEÆ
: ordo XXIX. CHLENACEÆ
: ordo XXIXbis. ANCISTROCLADEÆ
: ordo XXIXter. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
: ordo XXIXter. LOPHIRACEÆ
: ordo XXX. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
: ordo XXXI. CAMELLIEÆ
: ordo XXXII. OLACINEÆ
: ordo XXXIII. AURANTIACEÆ
: ordo XXXIV. HYPERICINEÆ
: ordo XXXV. GUTTIFERÆ
: ordo XXXVI. MARCGRAVIACEÆ
: ordo XXXVII. HIPPOCRATEACEÆ
: ordo XXXVIII. ERYTHROXYLEÆ
: ordo XXXIX. MALPIGHIACEÆ
: ordo XL. ACERINEÆ
: ordo XLI. HIPPOCASTANEÆ
: ordo XLII. RHIZOBOLEÆ
: ordo XLIII. SAPINDACEÆ
: ordo XLIV. MELIACEÆ
: ordo XLV. AMPELIDEÆ
: ordo XLVI. GERANIACEÆ
: ordo XLVII. TROPÆOLEÆ
: ordo XLVIII. BALSAMINEÆ
: ordo XLIX. OXALIDEÆ
: ordo L. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
: ordo LI. RUTACEÆ
: ordo LII. SIMARUBEÆ
: ordo LIII. OCHNACEÆ
: ordo LIV. CORIARIEÆ

Subclassis II. CALYCIFLORÆ Parts II - VII

: ordo LV. CELASTRINEÆ,
: ordo LVI. RHAMNEÆ
: ordo LVII. BRUNIACEÆ
: ordo LVIII. SAMYDEÆ
: ordo LIX. HOMALINEÆ
: ordo LX. CHAILLETIACEÆ
: ordo LXI. AQUILARINEÆ
: ordo LXII. TEREBINTHACEÆ
: ordo LXIII. LEGUMINOSÆ
: ordo LXIV. ROSACEÆ
: ordo LXV. CALYCANTHEÆ,
: ordo LXVbis. MONIMIACEÆ
: ordo LXVI. GRANATEÆ
: ordo LXVII. MEMECYLEÆ
: ordo LXVIII. COMBRETACEÆ
: ordo LXIX. VOCHYSIEÆ
: ordo LXX RHIZOPHOREÆ
: ordo LXXI. ONAGRARIEÆ
: ordo LXXII. HALORAGEÆ
: ordo LXXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
: ordo LXXIV. LYTHRARIEÆ
: ordo LXXIVbis. CRYPTERONIACEÆ
: ordo LXXV. TAMARISCINEÆ
: ordo LXXVI. MELASTOMACEÆ
: ordo LXXVII. ALANGIEÆ
: ordo LXXVIII. PHILADELPEÆ
: ordo LXXIX. MYRTACEÆ
: ordo LXXX. CUCURBITACEÆ
: ordo LXXXI. PASSIFLOREÆ
: ordo LXXXII. LOASEÆ
: ordo LXXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
: ordo LXXXIV. FOUQUIERACEÆ
: ordo LXXXV. PORTULACEÆ
: ordo LXXXVI. PARONYCHIEÆ
: ordo LXXXVII. CRASSULACEÆ
: ordo LXXXVIII. FICOIDEÆ
: ordo LXXXIX. CACTEÆ
: ordo XC. GROSSULARIEÆ
: ordo XCI. SAXIFRAGACEÆ,
: ordo XCII. UMBELLIFERÆ
: ordo XCIII. ARALIACEÆ
: ordo XCIV. HAMAMELIDEÆ
: ordo XCV. CORNEÆ
: ordo XCVbis. HELWINGIACEÆ
: ordo XCVI. LORANTHACEÆ
: ordo XCVII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
: ordo XCVIII. RUBIACEÆ
: ordo XCIX. VALERIANEÆ
: ordo C. DIPSACEÆ
: ordo CI. CALYCEREÆ,
: ordo CII. COMPOSITÆ ;, ;,
: ordo CIII. STYLIDIEÆ
: ordo CIV. LOBELIACEÆ
: ordo CV. CAMPANULACEÆ
: ordo CVI. CYPHIACEÆ
: ordo CVII. GOODENOVIEÆ
: ordo CVIII. ROUSSÆACEÆ
: ordo CIX. GESNERIACEÆ
: ordo CX. SPHENOCLEACEÆ
: ordo CXI. COLUMELLIACEÆ
: ordo CXII. NAPOLEONEÆ
: ordo CXIII. VACCINIEÆ
: ordo CXIV. ERICACEÆ
*: Arbuteae
*: Andromedae
*: Ericeae
*: Rhodoreae
**: Rhododendreae
***: Rhododendron
****: Buramia
****: Hymenanthes
****: Eurhododendron
****: Pogonanthum
****: Chamaecistus
****: Tsutsusi
***: Kalmia
**: Ledeae
: ordo CXV. EPACRIDEÆ
: ordo CXVI. PYROLACEÆ
: ordo CXVII. FRANCOACEÆ
: ordo CXVIII. MONOTROPEÆ

Subclassis III. COROLLIFLORÆ Parts VIII - XIII(1)

: ordo CXIX. LENTIBULARIEÆ
: ordo CXX. PRIMULACEÆ
: ordo CXXI. MYRSINEACEÆ
: ordo CXXII. ÆGICERACEÆ
: ordo CXXIII. THEOPHRASTACEÆ
: ordo CXXIV. SAPOTACEÆ
: ordo CXXV. EBENACEÆ
: ordo CXXVI. STYRACACEÆ
: ordo CXXVII. OLEACEÆ
: ordo CXXVIIbis. SALVADORACEÆ
: ordo CXXVIII. JASMINEÆ
: ordo CXXIX. APOCYNACEÆ
: ordo CXXX. ASCLEPIADEÆ
: ordo CXXX LEONIACEÆ
: ordo CXXXI. LOGANIACEÆ,
: ordo CXXXII. GENTIANACEÆ
: ordo CXXXIII. BIGNONIACEÆ
: ordo CXXXIV. SESAMEÆ
: ordo CXXXV. CYRTANDRACEÆ
: ordo CXXXVI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
: ordo CXXXVII. POLEMONIACEÆ
: ordo CXXXVII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
: ordo CXXXVIII. ERICYBEÆ
: ordo CXXXIX. BORRAGINEÆ ;,
: ordo CXL. HYDROLEACEÆ
: ordo CXLII. SCROPHULARIACEÆ
: ordo CXLII. SOLANACEÆ, out of sequence
: ordo CXLIV. OROBRANCHACEÆ,
: ordo CXLV. ACANTHACEÆ
: ordo CXLVI. PHRYMACEÆ
: ordo CXLVII VERBENACEÆ
: ordo CXLVIII MYOPORACEÆ
: ordo CXLIX SELAGINACEÆ,
: ordo CL. LABIATÆ
: ordo CLI. STILBACEÆ
: ordo CLII. GLOBULARIACEÆ
: ordo CLIII. BRUNONIACEÆ
: ordo CLIV. PLUMBAGINEÆ
: ordo CLV. PLANTAGINACEÆ,

Subclassis IV. MONOCHLAMYDEÆ Parts XIII(2) - XVI

: ordo CLVI. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
: ordo CLVII. SALSOLACEÆ
: ordo CLVIII. BASELLACEÆ
: ordo CLIX. AMARANTACEÆ
: ordo CLX. NYCTAGINACEÆ
: ordo CLXI. POLYGONACEÆ,
: ordo CLXII. LAURACEÆ, ;, out of sequence
: ordo CLXIII. MYRISTICACEÆ
: ordo CLXIV. PROTEACEÆ
: ordo CLXV. PENÆACEÆ
: ordo CLXVI. GEISSOLOMACEÆ
: ordo CLXVII. THYMELÆACEÆ
: ordo CLXVIII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
: ordo CLXIX. GRUBBIACEÆ
: ordo CLXX. SANTALACEÆ
: ordo CLXXI. HERNANDIACEÆ,
: ordo CLXXII. BEGONIACEÆ
: ordo CLXXIII. DATISCACEÆ
: ordo CLXXIV. PAPAYACEÆ
: ordo CLXXV. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
: ordo CLXXVbis. NEPENTHACEÆ
: ordo CLXXVI. STACKHOUSIACEÆ
:
: ordo CLXXVIII. EUPHORBIACEÆ,
: ordo CLXXIX. DAPHNIPHYLLACEÆ,
: ordo CLXXX. BUXACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXbis. BATIDACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXI. EMPETRACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXII. CANNABINEÆ
: ordo CLXXXIII. ULMACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXIIIbis. MORACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXIV. ARTOCARPEÆ
: ordo CLXXXV. URTICACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXVI. PIPERACEÆ
:
: ordo CLXXXVIII. CHLORANTHACEÆ
: ordo CLXXXIX. GARRYACEÆ
: ordo CXC. CUPULIFERÆ,
: ordo CXCI. CORYLACEÆ
: ordo CXCII. JUGLANDEÆ
: ordo CXCIII. MYRICACEÆ
: ordo CXCIV. PLATANACEÆ
: ordo CXCV. BETULACEÆ
: ordo CXCVI. SALICINEÆ
: ordo CXCVII CASUARINEÆ

Other

Somewhat inconsistently the Prodromus also treats:

GYMNOSPERMÆ,
: ordo CXCVIII. GNETACEÆ
: ordo CXCIX. CONIFERÆ
: ordo CC. CYCADACEÆ incertæ sedis
: ordo LENNOACEÆ
: ordo PODOSTEMACEÆ
: ordo num.? CYTINACEÆ
: ordo incertae sedis BALANOPHORACEÆ