Canadian peers and baronets


Canadian peers and baronets exist in both the peerage of France recognized by the Monarch of Canada and the peerage of the United Kingdom.
In 1627, French Cardinal Richelieu introduced the seigneurial system of New France. Almost all of the early French Canadians who came as officers in the military or filled important official positions within the colony in New France came from the ranks of the French nobility. Under the Ancien Régime, several of these men were promoted to more senior ranks within the peerage of France. From the early 1700s, it became customary for the governors of New France to be given the title marquis. Except for the [Philippe de Rigaud, Quebec|Rigaud Vaudreuil|Marquis de Vaudreuil] and the Marquis de Beauharnois, most were in Canada only for a few years before returning to France and are therefore not counted as Canadians.
The Baronetage of Nova Scotia had been devised by King James VI and I in 1624 as a means of settling Nova Scotia. Except for Sir Thomas Temple, almost none of them came to Nova Scotia, therefore they are counted as British, not Canadian.
Following the British Conquest of New France in 1763, the likes of The 1st Baron Amherst and The 1st Baron Dorchester were raised to the Peerage of Great Britain for their part in the taking of Canada and as Governors General of Canada, but they were not Canadians. As the colony grew under British rule both in terms of geography and economy, baronetcies began to be conferred upon various Canadian politicians, military commanders and businessmen.
In 1891, Lord Mount Stephen became the first Canadian to be elevated to the peerage of the United Kingdom. The significant losses of the First World War included many direct heirs to titles and some replacements were found in Canada, resulting in the acquisition of titles by Canadians.
After the controversial elevation of Lords Atholstan and Beaverbrook to the Peerage of the United Kingdom, the Nickle Resolution was presented to the House of Commons of Canada in 1917 requesting the Sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies or peerages to Canadians. This triggered the Canadian titles debate and led to a separate system of orders, decorations, and medals for Canada. Canadians who were granted peerages after that date had to hold or acquire British citizenship, such as The 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet. However, the 1946 Canadian Citizenship Act provided that Canadians who acquired another citizenship by any means other than marriage had renounced their Canadian citizenship. The 1977 Citizenship Act undid this provision.

Canadian nobility in the French aristocracy

Extant

Baron de Longueuil. Created in 1700 by King Louis XIV for Charles le Moyne de Longueuil, the Canadian born Governor of Trois-Rivières and afterwards Montreal. It is currently the only extant French colonial title as recognised by King Charles III. The 3rd Baron's only daughter became the 4th Baroness de Longueuil and married the nephew of her step-father, William Grant, of Quebec. The 10th Baron's wife, Ernestine Bowes-Lyon, was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The present holder is Michael Grant, 12th Baron de Longueuil.

Unknown

Baron de Poboncoup. Created in 1651 or 1653 for Philippe Mius d'Entremont, the first of the d'Entremonts of Nova Scotia. The barony of Pobomcoup remained in the family until the expulsion of the Acadians that began in 1755 by the British.

Extinct

Canadian nobility in the aristocracy of the United Kingdom

Peerages awarded before the ''Nickle Resolution''

Extant

Extinct

Peerages awarded after the ''Nickle Resolution''

Extant

Extinct

Life peerages

A life peerage is not an hereditary title. The title lasts as long as the recipient of the honour is alive. The recipient's children can style themselves with the prefix 'honourable' but they cannot inherit the baronial title.

Current

Former

Canadian baronetcies

Although a baronet is not a peer, it is a British hereditary title and an honour that was conferred upon several Canadians.

Extant

Dormant

Extinct

Canadians with hereditary titles

Sir James Lauder Brunton 4th Bt., of Stratford Place was born at Montreal and educated at Bishop's College School, Lennoxville, Quebec, and McGill University, Montreal. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto. His father and grandfather were also both educated at McGill. His grandfather settled the family in Canada from 1912.

Canadian peers by marriage

Canadians married to royalty in the line of succession

Russian nobility and royalty