Buxa Tiger Reserve


Buxa Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve and national park in northern West Bengal, India, covering an area of. It ranges in elevation from in the Gangetic Plains to bordering the Himalayas in the north. At least 284 bird species inhabit the reserve. Mammals present include Asian elephant, gaur, Sambar deer, clouded leopard, Indian leopard, and Asian golden cat. The Bengal tiger is also present but rarely seen; as of 2005, Buxa Tiger Reserve had only one resident tiger.

History

Buxa Tiger Reserve was created in 1983 as the 15th tiger reserve in India. In 1986, Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary was constituted over of the reserve forests. In 1991, was added to Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary. In 1992, the Government of West Bengal declared its intentions to constitute a national park over of the Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary. State government finally declared national park with notification No.3403-For/11B-6/95 dt. 05.12.1997.

Geography

Location

Buxa Tiger Reserve lies in Alipurduar district of West Bengal. Its northern boundary runs along the international border with Bhutan. The Sinchula hill range lies all along the northern side of Buxa Tiger Reserve, and the eastern boundary touches that of the Assam state. National Highway No.31 C roughly runs along its southern boundary. It is the easternmost extension of extreme bio-diverse North-East India and represents highly endemic Indo-Malayan region. Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary is contiguous to the north of Buxa Tiger Reserve, and Manas National Park is to the east, so that Buxa Tiger Reserve serves as international corridor for Asian elephant migration between India and Bhutan.

Geology

Buxa Tiger Reserve is contiguous with the Buxa Formation of Mamley in the state of Sikkim, the stromatolite bearing dolomite limestones, which has been declared a national geological monument for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of geotourism.

Biodiversity

Flora

More than 450 species of trees, 250 species of shrubs, 400 species of herbs, 9 species of cane, 10 species of bamboo, 150 species of orchids, 100 species of grass and 130 species of aquatic flora including more than 70 sedges have been identified so far. There are more than 160 species of other monocotyledons and ferns.
The main trees are sal, champa, gamhar, simul and chikrasi.
Forest types include:

Fauna

During a survey in May 2000 to July 2001, 284 bird species were recorded including Eurasian griffon, Amur falcon, Malayan night heron, Oriental pied hornbill, rufous-necked hornbill, chestnut-breasted partridge, cinnamon bittern, stripe-breasted woodpecker, velvet-fronted nuthatch and black-naped oriole.
The Narathali lake, Raidāk and Jayanti rivers provide habitat to migratory birds like common merganser, Eurasian teal, black-necked crane, black stork, and ferruginous pochard. Two new frog species were discovered in 2006.
The 73 mammal species include Indian leopard, Bengal tiger, clouded leopard, giant squirrel, gaur, chital and wild boar. 65 fish, 41 reptile and 4 amphibian species have been identified. In February 2018, both plain and spotted Asiatic golden cats were recorded in the reserve for the first time.
Endangered species present in the reserve are leopard cat, Bengal florican, reticulated python, Chinese pangolin, hispid hare, hog deer lesser adjutant, white-rumped vulture, slender-billed vulture, chestnut-breasted partridge, rufous necked hornbill, ferruginous pochard and great hornbill.

Threats

Hilly, Bhabhar and riverine tracts of core suffer from fire. Generally non timber forest produce collectors and shepherds put forests on fire. Poachers from Assam frequently come to poach Indian elephants.