British Rail Class 08

The British Rail Class 08 is a class of diesel–electric shunting locomotives built by British Railways. As the standard BR general-purpose diesel shunter, the class became a familiar sight at major stations and freight yards. Since their introduction in 1952, however, the nature of rail traffic in Britain has changed considerably. Freight trains are now mostly fixed rakes of wagons, and passenger trains are mostly multiple units or have driving van trailers, neither requiring the attention of a shunting locomotive. Consequently, a large proportion of the class has been withdrawn from mainline use and stored, scrapped, exported or sold to industrial or heritage railways.
As of 2020, around 100 locomotives remained working on industrial sidings and on the main British railway network. On heritage railways, they have become particularly common, appearing on many of the preserved standard-gauge lines in Britain, with over 80 preserved, including the first one built.

History

The Class 08 design was based on the LMS 12033 series design. There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher-geared Class 09, and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions, which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1,193.
The pioneer locomotive, number 13000, was built in 1952 although it did not enter service until 1953. Production continued until 1962 with 996 locomotives produced, making it the most numerous of any British shunting locomotive class, and indeed, the most numerous of any British locomotive class overall.
The locomotives were built at the BR's Crewe, Darlington, Derby, Doncaster and Horwich works.
In 1985, three locomotives were reduced in height for use on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in southwest Wales, and became Class 08/9. The remainder of the class were reclassified as sub-class 08/0. A further two were converted to 08/9s in 1987.
The first locomotive to be withdrawn was D3193 in 1967. 31 other 08s were withdrawn before TOPS renumbering in 1973, with a further 12 having a TOPS number allotted but withdrawn before it could applied. Withdrawals continued in subsequent decades until by the beginning of the 1990s most of the class had been withdrawn. As part of the privatisation of British Rail in the mid-1990s most of the survivors passed to EWS with some going to passenger operators for use as depot shunters. At the same time as the withdrawals, many were purchased by heritage railways.
In mid-2008, EWS had over 40 class 08s in operation, with a greater number stored. Freightliner also had about five in operation, as did the locomotive company Wabtec. FirstGroup operated fewer than five; additionally, some work at industrial sidings – two for Foster Yeoman, one for Mendip Rail, one for Corus, one at ICI Wilton, two for English China Clays, amongst others. A few other businesses in the rail industry operated single examples.

Exported locomotives

Sixteen English Electric 0-6-0DE 350 hp locomotives, based on the Class 11/Class 08 design but modified for 1,600 mm gauge, were built new and exported 1951–53 to Australia, entering service on the Victorian Railways as the F class.
Five Class 08s were exported to Liberia, numbers 3047, 3092, 3094, 3098 and 3100. All five locos remain in Liberia and have been considerably robbed of parts in the intervening years.
In 2007, 08 738 and 08 939 were equipped for multiple operation at Toton TMD and repainted in Euro Cargo Rail livery before being sent to France in April 2009.

Operations

As the standard general-purpose diesel shunter on BR, almost any duty requiring shunting would involve a Class 08. The class was a familiar sight at many major stations and other locations where two portions of a train were merged, or where additional stock was added to a train.

Technical description

The Class 08 design was based on the LMS 12033 series design.
The engine is an English Electric 6 cylinder, 4-stroke, 6KT. Traction motors are two EE 506 motors with double reduction gear drive. The main generator is an EE 801.
In 1955, locomotives D3117 to D3122 entered traffic fitted with Crossley 6-cyl ESNT6 engines and two Crompton Parkinson traction motors. The same year, D3137 to D3151 entered service with Blackstone 6-cyl ER6T engines and GEC traction motors, as did D3439 to D3543, D3473 to D3502, DD3612 to D3651 and D4049 to D4094. Another batch, D3152 to D3166 had Blackstone engines but BTH traction motors.

Design variations

There were variations on the basic design, which were given the following TOPS design codes:

TOPS design code	Electrical system	Max speed	Weight	Brakes	Route availability	Notes
08-0AV	90 V			Vacuum	5
08-0BX	110 V			Dual	5
08-0CA	90 V			Air	5
08-0DV	90 V			Vacuum	5
08-0BX	90 V			Dual	5
08-0FA	90 V			Air	5
08-0KX	110 V			Dual	5
08-0LX	110 V			Dual	5	Scharfenberg coupler Adapter fitted
08-0MA	110 V			Air	5
08-0NA	90 V			Air	5	Fitted with Buckeye couplings
08-0PA	90 V			Air	6	Fitted with Buckeye couplings
08-0QA	90 V			Air	6	Fitted with Buckeye couplings
08-0RA	110 V			Air	6	Fitted with Buckeye couplings
08-0SA	110 V			Air	6

Class 08/9

Class 08/9 locomotives were modified from the standard class by having headlights and lowered bodywork, with the overall height reduced to, for use on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway up to. In 2007, three were used on infrastructure trains on the Manchester Metrolink.

TOPS design code	Electrical system	Max speed	Weight	Brakes	Notes
08-9AV	90 V			Vacuum	08 991 converted from 08 203 08 992 converted from 08 259
08-9CX	90 V			Dual	08 993 converted from 08 592
08-9DA	90 V			Air	08 994 converted from 08 462 08 995 converted from 08 687

BR Class 13

Six Class 08 units were adapted for a specialist role at Tinsley Marshalling Yard, where there was a requirement for more powerful shunters. These locomotives were permanently coupled together in pairs as a 'master and slave' and reclassified as Class 13. All were withdrawn by 1985.

Fleet

Preservation

Continuing in its designed-for role as a shunter, the Class 08 has been found useful by numerous heritage railways in the UK. With over 70 examples preserved, they are the second most numerous class of preserved locomotive in the UK.

Models

Several manufacturers have produced models of Class 08 shunters. In OO scale, Wrenn, Tri-ang, Hornby Railways and Bachmann Branchline all produced models. Lima also produced a model in several different liveries, but it was of the near-identical Class 09.
Since 2000, both Bachmann Branchline and Hornby have released much more detailed models, in a variety of liveries and with a variety of appropriate detail variations.
In British N gauge, Graham Farish produced a relatively crude all-metal version, made in England, lacking outside frames and with a too-wide bonnet that was discontinued in 2007. A more detailed version with outside frames and a scale-width diecast bonnet was unveiled 2008 under the brand Graham Farish by Bachmann following the sale of the company.