Birket Qarun Formation


The Birket Qarun Formation is an Eocene aged formation in Egypt. It is part of the famous Wadi al Hitan. Notable fossils include the ancient whales Basilosaurus and Dorudon as well as sirenians Eotheroides and Eosiren. It also contains the teeth of various sharks and reptiles. The area was likely a mix of both marine and freshwater area with many freshwater deposits being found alongside a marine influence from the Tethys Sea. Fossils here also preserve a shallow marine nursery for the whale Dorudon and it seems that this area would have also been the site of active predation from Basilosaurus as it attacked the newly born Dorudon calves.

Paleobiota

Molluscs

Several supposed rizholiths and rizhomes have been re-interpreted as burrows made by burrowing bivalves.
GenusSpeciesMemberLocalityMaterialNotesImages
Amaea niloaticaTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsA Wentletrap
Acanthocardia gehannamensisTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsA Carditid
CaroliaplacunoidesTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsA Scallop
ClaibornicardiapharaonumTemple MemberGaret GehannamShellsA Carditid
CubitostreamulticostataTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsAn Oyster
Ostreareili, fraasi, roncanaTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsAn Oyster
Turritella pharaonicaTemple MemberGebel GehannamShellsA Turritellidae

Afrotheres

Plants

Isolated Dicotyledon woods are known. Unidentified large woody roots are known.
GenusSpeciesMemberLocalityMaterialNotesImages
Avicennia?marina?Middle Member
Type-1 rhizolithsMangrove plant
Cymodoceasp.Temple MemberQasr Qarun
  • Foliar remains
  • Type-3 rhizoliths
  • A marine Angiosperm
    DetarioxylonaegyptiacumMiddle MemberBirket QarunWoodTerrestrial Angiosperm
    Nypa?fruticans?, burtini?Middle MemberWadi Hitan
    • Rhizome casts
    • Leaf impression
    Mangrove Palm
    Rhizophorasp.Middle Member
  • Minqar El-Hut
  • Sandouk El-Borneta
  • Wadi Hitan
  • Type-2 rhizolithsMangrove plant
    Thalassodendronsp.
  • Middle Member
  • Temple Member
  • Qasr Qarun
  • Wadi Hitan
  • Foliar remains
  • Type-3 rhizoliths
  • A marine Angiosperm