Daisy Bell

"Daisy Bell " is a song written in 1892 by British songwriter Harry Dacre with the chorus "Daisy, Daisy / Give me your answer, do. / I'm half crazy / all for the love of you", ending with the words "a bicycle built for two". The song is said to have been inspired by Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick, one of the many mistresses of King Edward VII. It is the earliest song sung using computer speech synthesis by the IBM 7094 in 1961.

History

"Daisy Bell" was composed by Harry Dacre in 1892. As David Ewen writes in American Popular Songs:
The song was originally recorded and released by Dan W. Quinn in 1893.

In technology and popular culture

Computing and technology

In 1961, an IBM 7094 at Bell Labs was programmed to sing "Daisy Bell". This was the earliest demonstration of computer speech synthesis. This recording has been included in the United States National Recording Registry.
In 1974, auditory researchers used the melody of "Daisy Bell" for the first demonstration of "pure dichotic" perception: they encoded the melody in a stereophonic signal in such a way that it could be perceived when listening with both ears but not with either ear alone.
In 1975, Steve Dompier, member of Homebrew Computer Club, programmed an Altair 8800 computer to play "Daisy Bell" as AM radio interference.
In 1985, Christopher C. Capon created a Commodore 64 program named "Sing Song Serenade", which caused the Commodore 1541 floppy disk drive to emit the tune of "Daisy Bell" directly from its hardware by rapidly moving the read/write head.
In 1999, a piece of computer software called BonziBuddy sang "Daisy Bell" if the user asked it to sing.
Microsoft's discontinued personal assistant Cortana would sometimes sing the first line of "Daisy Bell" when asked to sing a song.
Amazon Alexa can sing "Daisy Bell" when asked to sing a song.

Drama, film, and television

Science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke witnessed the IBM 7094 demonstration during a trip to Bell Labs in 1962 and referred to it in the 1968 novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey, in which the HAL 9000 computer sings "Daisy Bell" during its gradual deactivation.
The song is sung repeatedly in Stewart Parker and Jimmy Kennedy's play Spokesong ; a work which was staged in London's West End in 1977 and on Broadway in 1979.
In the Futurama episode "Love and Rocket", Bender sings "Daisy Bell" to the Planet Express Ship when he falls in love with it. The episode contains several references to 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Musical recordings

Dan W. Quinn produced a wax cylinder recording of "Daisy Bell" in 1893, the first recorded rendition of the song.
Singer Dinah Shore recorded a version of the song for Bluebird Records in 1941.
Singer Nat King Cole produced a recording of "Daisy Bell" as part of his Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer LP for Capitol Records in 1961.
On May 3, 2014, an album was released composed entirely of covers of "Daisy Bell" entitled The Gay Nineties Old Tyme Music: Daisy Bell, in conjunction with Mark Ryden's exhibit "The Gay 90s". The album features covers of "Daisy Bell" by Katy Perry, Tyler, the Creator, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Nick Cave, Kirk Hammett of Metallica, Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo, Wall of Voodoo's Stan Ridgway, Danny Elfman, and others. Profits from the album went to the nonprofit Little Kids Rock.

Radio

The tune was played as the lead-in to Aunt Daisy's radio broadcasts in New Zealand, which ran from 1930 until her death in 1963.