Battle of Varamin
The Battle of Varamin was fought in 1911 between the Qajar dynasty under Arshad Al-Dawleh and the Majles under Yeprem Khan.
In 1909 or 1910, Muhammad Ali Shah Qajar was deposed from his position as Shah of Persia and exiled to Russia by the constitutional revolution. In July 1911 Muhammad Ali returned to Persia to retake power. On 5 September 1911, almost 1,200 Gendarmes, Bakhtiari, and Armenian volunteers, led by Yeprem Khan, fought 2,000 Turkman tribesmen under Al-Dawleh. The battle was a defeat for the forces under Muhammad Ali's banner, and forced him to flee to Russian Protection.
Background
In 1907, Muzaf-far al-Din Shah died. Immediately before his death, he was forced by the constitutional revolution to grant a constitution to Persia. His successor, Muhammad Ali wanted to retake power from the new Majles. In 1908 Muhammad Ali staged a coup and attempted to restore the monarchy to a position of absolutism. This resulted in a year-long civil war, and in 1909 Muhammad Ali was exiled to Russia, and replaced by his 12-year-old son Ahmad Shah Qajar.In 1911, Muhammad Ali returned to Persia to retake power. He recruited many members of the Shahsavan and Turkman tribes to his side. In early September, away from Tehran, Muhammad's general al-Dawleh fought the national forces at a battle near Varamin.