List of banners in the Battle of Grunwald


The following tables list the banners of the Lithuanian and Polish forces participating in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.

Poland

The exact Order of Battle of the Polish forces is unknown. However, Ioannes Longinus in his written after 1455 recorded 51 Polish banners, together with their descriptions, blazoning and commanders.
Unfortunately, this list also has some obvious errors:
It is not certain whether the list is complete.

  ''Army of [The Crown]'' - Court Banners

! Great Banner of Kraków and the Kingdom of Poland
! "Gończa" Court Banner
! Coat of Arms of Lithuania Court Banner
! Saint George
! colspan="15" style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left;" |

  ''Army of [The Crown]'' - Regional Banners

! Land of Poznań
! Land of Sandomierz
! Land of Kalisz
! Land of Sieradz
! Land of Lublin
! Land of Łęczyca
! Land of Kuyavia
! Land of Lwów
! Land of Wieluń
! Land of Przemyśl
! Land of Dobrzyń
! Land of Chełm
! Three banners of Podolia
! Land of Halicz
! colspan="15" style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left;" |

  ''Army of [The Crown]'' - Masovian Banners

! Two banners of
Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia
! Duke Janusz I of Masovia
! colspan="15" style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left;" |

  ''Army of [The Crown]'' - Personal Banners

! Archbishop of Gniezno
Mikołaj Kurowski
! Bishop of Poznań
Wojciech Jastrzębiec
! Castellan of Kraków
Krystyn of Ostrów
! Voivod of Kraków
Jan of Tarnów
! Voivod of Poznań
Sędziwój of Ostroróg
! Voivod of Sandomierz
Mikołaj of Michałowo
! Voivod of Sieradz
Jakub of Koniecpol
! Castellan of Śrem
Iwo of Obiechów
! Voivod of Łęczyca
Jan Ligęza
! Castellan of Wojnice
Andrzej of Tęczyn
! Marshal of The Crown
Zbigniew of Brzezie
! Chamberlain of Kraków
Piotr Szafraniec
! Castellan of Wiślica
Klemens of Moskorzów
! Castellan of Śrem and mayor of Greater Poland
Wincenty of Granów
! Dobko of Oleśnica
! Spytko of Tarnów
! Lord High Steward of Kalisz
Marcin of Sławsko
! Dobrogost Świdwa of Szamotuły
! Krystyn of Koziegłowy
! Master King's Cup-Bearer
Jan Mężyk
! Deputy Chancellor of the Crown
Mikołaj Trąba
! Mikołaj Kmita of Wiśnicz
! Gryf Clan
! Zaklika of Korzkiew
! Clan of Koźlerogi
! Jan of Jičín Odrowaz
! Steward of the Crown and starost of Lwów
Gniewosz of Dalewice
! Duke of Lithuania Sigismund Korybut

Lithuania

The sole source on the banners from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is Jan Długosz. He counted 40 banners on the right flank of the Polish–Lithuanian forces, 10 flying the Columns of Gediminas and 30 flying the Vytis. The flags varied in the colors of the background, horse and its harness. Długosz listed 18 lands that supplied the banners: Trakai, Vilnius, Hrodna, Kaunas, Lida, Medininkai, Smolensk, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Kiev, Pinsk, Navahrudak, Brest, Vawkavysk, Drohiczyn, Mielnik, Kremenets, Starodub. One land might have supplied more than one banner as evidenced by Smolensk which provided three banners. That is all information currently available from contemporary sources. However, it is unclear how complete or accurate Długosz's information is.
Historians pointed out several notable absences from the list, including the banners from Volhynia as well as Samogitia. It is unclear whether Medininkai mentioned by Długosz referred to Varniai in Samogitia or to Medininkai Castle near Vilnius. The absence of Samogitian forces could be explained by a diversionary maneuver: according to 27 June 1410 report from Königsberg, a Lithuanian force was attacking Skalva. Other historians argued that the Medininkai banner represented at least seven Samogitian banners based on the seven regions mentioned in the Treaty of Königsberg (1390). Długosz's list is also missing three banners from Moldavia and a Tatar contingent known from German sources. Historians stipulate that in addition to banners from territories there should have been banners presented by nobles, but Długosz mentioned only Sigismund Korybut whose banner he counted with Polish forces.
Some Belarusian historians attempted to divide the 40 banners by nationality to Lithuanian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Russian banners. However, such analysis is fundamentally flawed as it is impossible to determine how many banners each territory provided, how many men were in each banner, or what was the ethnic composition in each land. For example, Smolensk had rebelled against Vytautas in 1404 and 1408 and therefore it is unlikely that the three Smolensk banners included just local soldiers.
Historians express skepticism over the lack of heraldic diversity. Heraldic symbols of various lands, including of Trakai, Kyiv and Novogrudok, are known from contemporary sources, to have included the great seal of Vytautas. Historians suggest that perhaps the two heraldic flags represented gonfalons, e.g. the 10 banners of Columns of Gediminas represented forces from domains of Grand Duke Vytautas and the 30 banners of Vytis represented different territories.