BYD e6

The BYD e6 is a battery electric vehicle manufactured by BYD Auto from 2009. Field testing for the first generation model began in China in May 2010 with 40 units operating as taxis in the city of Shenzhen. Sales to the general public began in Shenzhen in October 2011, over two years behind schedule of the originally planned release date of 2009.
A number of e6 units were operating in fleet service as taxis in China, Colombia, Belgium, Singapore, the U.S., the Netherlands, the UK, and Indonesia. Since 2010 sales in China totaled 34,862 units through December 2016. The BYD e6 ranked as the best-selling pure electric car in China in 2016 and won a golden medal for “Best Quality Product” at the Havana International Fair 2015.

First generation (2009)

The first-generation BYD e6 was introduced in 2009. It has a range of according to the carmaker. Its exterior design as well as the interior design resembles the third generation Honda Odyssey, with a redesigned front fascia and its rear end shortened.
BYD planned to sell the e6 model in the US for before any government incentives. However, after rescheduling the US launch several times, in October 2011 BYD announced that sales to retail customers would be delayed at least 18 months due to the lack of charging infrastructure. In May 2013, BYD announced that the e6 would not be sold to any retail customer and would sell only to fleet customers for, as the company planned to focus on electric bus sales in North America.
Specifications include a range of up to 400 km, a guaranteed cycle life of 4000 charge cycles and fast battery charging, to 80 percent capacity, in 15 minutes. The cars are often used in vehicle fleets with large range requirements like taxis, police cars or car rentals.

Specifications

Initial specs

BYD's initial claims for the e6 in 2009 included:

Electric power consumption: less than 18 kWh per
Acceleration: 0- in < 8 seconds
Top speed:
Normal charge: 220V/10A household electric power socket
Quick charge :
Range:
BYD provides a 10-year warranty for the Fe battery

This range and consumption implies a 72-kWh battery pack, which would have been the largest in any production electric car in 2009.

Revised spec

Early versions (60-70 kWh)

BYD mentioned a smaller 48-kWh battery pack for the e6 at its debut at the 2009 North American International Auto Show. However, at the 2010 NAIAS, BYD indicated a range of per charge, an estimated 0-60 mph acceleration time under 14 seconds, and a top speed of for the e6.
Range has since dropped and consumption increased. According to BYD, the 40 demonstration vehicles that began operating as taxis in Shenzhen, China, have a range of, a maximum speed of, and consume 21.5 kWh per 100 km. In August 2011, BYD clarified that the e6 has a range of under more demanding conditions, such as running the air conditioning or driving up hill. In more favorable conditions, such as city driving, with much stop and go, the range increases to. This claim, however, has not been verified by any independent third party testing.
In January 2011 BYD announced that in response to US consumers preferences, the American version will be more powerful than the Chinese version, and it will have a 60-kWh battery pack with a 160 kW electric motor, capable of reaching 0 to 60 mph in less than 8 seconds.
Plans to sell the vehicle to the general public in the US were shelved, and as of February 2016, under 100 vehicles were imported into the US to be used by fleets. China remained the main market for the car.

Later versions (82 kWh)

As of 2016, the vehicle is sold with an 82-kWh battery. This is larger than 81-kWh battery which powered the initial long-range version of the Tesla Model S. However, Tesla has made even bigger battery packs available since 2015.
The manufacturer claims the range of. Singaporean reviewers estimated the actual range at.
In Germany, an energy storage company named Fenecon tries to revive the interest in the car, acting as a distributor and also making the car available to European automotive journalists for testing. Nevertheless, so far Asia remains the main market for the BYD e6.

Batteries and powertrain

BYD's "Fe" lithium iron phosphate battery, which powers the e6, represents one of the company's core technologies. All chemical substances used in the battery can be recycled.
There are four different power combinations for the e6: 101 hp, 101+54 hp, 215 hp and 215+54 hp.
Most of the e6 battery pack is located on the belly pan of the vehicle.
The two-motor options use front and rear motors, making the car all-wheel drive.
According to the manufacturer the lithium iron phosphate battery of the car is charged at a fast charging station within 15 minutes to 80%, after 40 minutes at 100%.

Safety

;Crash and fire
After a drunk driver crashed a high-speed Nissan GT-R into a BYD e6 taxi at 180 km/h in Shenzhen on May 26, 2012, the electric car caught fire after hitting a tree and all three occupants died in the accident. The Chinese investigative team concluded that the cause of the fire was "electric arcs caused by the short-circuiting of high voltage lines of the high voltage distribution box ignited combustible material in the vehicle including the interior materials and part of the power batteries." The team also found that the collisions were the cause of death of the occupants, not the fire. They also noted that the battery pack did not explode, and 75% of the single cell batteries did not catch on fire, and no flaws in the safety design of the vehicle were identified.

Costs

BYD calculates on its website that a BYD e6 achieved with a maturity of 5 years alone in energy costs, so power consumption instead of petrol consumption, a saving of about $74,000.

Interior

The e6 features the latest body/frame-integral construction, with the battery pack
protected in a compartment that is fully integrated into the vehicle. The battery pack's outer dimensions are: long, wide and in height.
The 5-passenger e6 is marketed as a family-oriented crossover vehicle.

Policies

On November 4, 2012, BYD released its new gimmick for promoting the sales of its pure-electric vehicle e6 and electric bus at a Beijing-based press conference, which is called "Zero vehicle purchase price, Zero costs, Zero emissions" and supported financially by China Development Bank, over 30 Billion RMB now being ready for this financial program. According to the scheme targeting specifically the public transit operators/companies, customers can choose one of three provided optional operating models which could be most suitable to themselves. The three operating models as the following table reads.

Model	Financing Body	Lease Period	Ownership
Financial Lease	Finance Company	A complete electric vehicle operational life cycle	During the lease period, the financial organization owns the electric vehicle. The taxi company pays the lease in installments. After the lease period ends, the taxi company owns the vehicle.
Operational Lease	Third party vehicle lease company	A complete electric vehicle operational life cycle or a shorter period	During this lease period and after it ends, the vehicle lease company owns the vehicle. The taxi company and the vehicle lease company sign an operational lease contract for the lease.
Buyer's Credit	The Taxi Company		The taxi company has ownership of the vehicle. The taxi company pays monthly installments to the financial institution.

The policy initiate explained the concept of "ZERO COST" by comparing the five-year fees between a fuel taxi and its all-electric cab in Shenzhen city and after a sequence of calculations, it came to the conclusion that "if the hire car runs for 5 years, and the total saving over 5 years is deducted from the higher cost of the vehicle and the interest on multiple payments, it can save 326,400 RMB. Besides, the company said if enough mileages are done, "the vehicle payment will be entirely offset". BYD also emphasized the "ZERO EMISSION" feature of its renewable-energy vehicles by stating that "an e6 electric taxi saves 14,120 litres of fuel per year, with 32 tonnes fewer CO2 emissions", and "169 million litres of fuel could be saved with CO2 emissions reduced by 38.62 million tonnes per year" if all Chinese taxis would be replaced with its EVs.
Currently, this policy is only eligible for Chinese market.

Markets

Belgium

The Brussels local government selected BYD to provide electric taxis. In 2014, 35 BYD e6 taxis started their service in Brussels.

Canada

In Quebec, 80-kWh BYDs are used as taxis. An electric taxi importer company started rolling out these vehicles in 2019, when the first 25 vehicles arrived; the vehicles are offered to taxi drivers on a lease-purchase basis. The company stated they hope to put as many as 2,000 of them on the road within two years.

China

In March 2010, the South China Morning Post reported that BYD had postponed plans to mass-produce purely electric cars in China in 2010, to instead only produce 100 e6 cars for use as taxis in Shenzhen for field testing in 2010 in favor of marketing the less-expensive F3DM plug-in hybrid for the Chinese market.
The field testing program in Shenzhen began in May 2010 with 40 e6 electric cars running as taxis operated by BYD's subsidiary Pengcheng Electric Taxi Co., out of a fleet of 100 planned to be deployed later in 2010. This expansion did not take place, as 50 cars ended up being used. BYD released an upbeat announcement about the success of the testing program in conjunction with investor Warren Buffett's September visit, but did not release any information about range, acceleration or speed achieved by the test cars.
In April 2011, one year after the taxi trial began, BYD reported that its e6 taxi fleet in Shenzhen had accumulated a total of around. The electric taxis are continuously quick charged in 20 to 30 minutes without showing any diminished range or drop in battery performance due to rapid-charging conditions, which according to BYD, "provides a proven track record for its Iron-Phosphate battery technology." BYD also announced that 250 e6s are being delivered to the International University in Shenzhen before August 2011. In June 2011 BYD announced that the fleet of e6 taxicabs had surpassed
In October 2011, BYD commenced sales of the e6 to the general public of Shenzhen at a price of 369,800 RMB before government subsidies, or 249,800 RMB after subsidies. Production e6s are equipped with BYD's i system, which enables owners to control parts of the car remotely from a smartphone. At the beginning of 2013, BYD won a big order for providing 500 battery-electric, e6 police vehicles to the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau, adding to the existing 300 BYD e6 Taxis with 18.6 million total miles in this city.
Only 33 units were sold in 2010, 401 during 2011, 1,690 in 2012, and 1,544 during 2013. Sales increased significantly in 2014 to 3,560 units, 7,029 in 2015, and climbed to 20,605 units were delivered in 2016, making the e6 the top selling all-electric plug-in passenger car in China in 2016. Cumulative sales in China totaled 34,862 units through December 2016.