Aushi language


Aushi, known by native speakers as Ikyaushi, is a Bantu language primarily spoken in the Lwapula Province of Zambia and the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although many scholars argue that it is a dialect of the closely related Bemba, native speakers insist that it is a distinct language. Nonetheless, speakers of both linguistic varieties enjoy extensive mutual intelligibility, particularly in the Lwapula Province.

Phonology

Aushi distinguishes consonants according to five manners and four places of articulation. Although nasal consonants are individually phonemic, prenasalized consonants also arise in conjunction with the voiced and voiceless counterparts of the plosives, affricates, and fricatives.
Aushi has five canonical vowels that are distinguished segmentally according to vowel height and backness and suprasegmentally according to length and tone. The front and central vowels are unrounded, while the back vowels are rounded. In environments where vowels arise before a nasal consonant, the vowels may adopt nasality, but this is not a distinctive feature, i.e. it is phonetic, not phonemic.

Grammar

ClassProto-BantuAugmentPrefixExampleGloss
1a*mo-u-mu-umuntu"person"
1b*∅-∅-∅-mayo"mother"
2*βɔ-, *βa-a-ba-abantu"people"
3*mo-u-mu-umuti"tree"
4*me-i-mi-imiti"trees"
5a*le-i-shi-ishina"name"
5b*le-i-∅-isabi"fish"
6*ma-a-ma-amana"names"
7*ke-i-ki-ikitabu"book"
8*βi-, *li- i-fi-ifitabu"books"
9*ne-i-N-imfinsi"darkness/night"
10*li-nei-N-insiku"days"
11*lʊ-u-lu-ulutambi"proverb"
12*ka-a-ka-akalulu"rabbit"
13*to-u-tu-utunwa"mouths"
14*βo-u-bu-ubwaato"canoe"
15a*ko-u-ku-ukuya"to go"
15b*ko-u-ku-ukuboko"arm"
16*pa-∅-pa-pa ng'anda"in house"
17*ko-∅-ku-ku mushi"to market"
18*mo-∅-mu-mu sukulu"in/inside school"