Asyneuma


Asyneuma is a genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. They are native to North Africa and Eurasia. Many are endemic to Turkey. Plants of the genus may be known commonly as harebells, but this name can also apply to the entire family. There are up to about 33 species.
Characters used to identify Asyneuma species include a generally wheel-shaped corolla with the petals fused at the bases and spreading outward into very narrow lobes, lacking or rudimentary appendages on the calyx, a stigma with 2 to 4 lobes, and an oblong or roughly spherical fruit capsule that breaks open via pores on the sides. These characters are not always helpful in distinguishing Asyneuma from the closely related genus Campanula, because authors disagree on which character is more important: the extent to which the flower petals are joined versus the position of the pores on the fruit capsule. Molecular data has been required to determine the best genus in which to place certain species.
Species include:
  1. Asyneuma amplexicaule Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Caucasus
  2. Asyneuma anthericoides Bornm. - Balkans
  3. Asyneuma argutum Bornm. - Central Asia
  4. Asyneuma babadaghense Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  5. Asyneuma campanuloides Bornm. - Caucasus
  6. Asyneuma canescens Griseb. & Schenk - Balkans, Ukraine
  7. Asyneuma chinense D.Y.Hong - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan
  8. Asyneuma compactum Damboldt - Turkey
  9. Asyneuma davisianum Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  10. Asyneuma ekimianum Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  11. Asyneuma filipes Damboldt - Turkey, Iraq
  12. Asyneuma fulgens Briq. - Indian Subcontinent, Tibet, Myanmar
  13. Asyneuma giganteum Bornm. - Greek Islands
  14. Asyneuma ilgazense Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  15. Asyneuma isauricum Contandr., Quézel & Pamukç - Turkey
  16. Asyneuma japonicum Briq. - Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Russian Far East
  17. Asyneuma junceum Parolly - Turkey
  18. Asyneuma limonifolium Janch. - Balkans, Italy, Turkey
  19. Asyneuma linifolium Bornm. - Turkey
  20. Asyneuma lobelioides Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Caucasus
  21. Asyneuma lycium Bornm. - Turkey
  22. Asyneuma macrodon Bornm. - Iran
  23. Asyneuma michauxioides Damboldt - Turkey
  24. Asyneuma persicum Bornm. - Turkey, Iraq, Iran
  25. Asyneuma pulchellum Bornm.- Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus
  26. Asyneuma pulvinatum P.H.Davis - Turkey
  27. Asyneuma rigidum Grossh. - Algeria, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Sinai, Syria
  28. Asyneuma thomsonii Bornm. - western Himalayas
  29. Asyneuma trichocalycinum Bornm. - Turkey
  30. Asyneuma trichostegium Bornm. - Turkey
  31. Asyneuma virgatum Bornm. - Greek Islands, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Syria
  32. Asyneuma yildizianum Yıldırım & Özdöl - Turkey