Aswan Governorate
Aswan Governorate is one of the 27 governorates of. It is the southernmost governorate in Upper Egypt, covering most of the area of Lake Nasser. Its capital is Aswan.
Aswan Governorate is bordered by Qena Governorate to the north, the Red Sea Governorate to the east, the New Valley Governorate to the west, and Sudan's Northern state to the south.
According to the latest estimates, the governorate has a population of approximately 1,685,743 inhabitants and occupies a total area of 62,726 square kilometres, ranking it among the largest governorates in Egypt by area.
History
The region of present day Aswan Governorate has been inhabited for millennia. It served as the southern frontier of ancient Egypt. The area was known as Swenett in antiquity, a name derived from the ancient Egyptian symbol for trade. Its location at the First Cataract of the Nile made it a natural boundary and a strategic gateway for trade caravans.Aswan was the source of the granite used for many ancient Egyptian monuments. The Unfinished Obelisk in its quarry demonstrates ancient stone working techniques. The city on Elephantine Island was an important administrative center with a fortress guarding the southern border.
During the Greco-Roman period, the Temple of Philae was constructed and dedicated to the goddess Isis. It remained a site of worship after the Christianization of Egypt. Recent archaeological missions have discovered rock cut tombs from this period near the Aga Khan Mausoleum.
In the 20th century, dam construction permanently altered the region. The Aswan Low Dam was completed in 1902. The Aswan High Dam, completed in 1970, created Lake Nasser. This led to the UNESCO coordinated relocation of several monuments, including the temples of Abu Simbel and Philae. The project also involved resettling the local Nubian population.
Geography
Aswan Governorate is located in southern Egypt and represents the country's southernmost administrative division. It contains a large portion of Lake Nasser, one of the world's largest artificial lakes. The governorate covers 62,726 square kilometers, ranking among Egypt's largest governorates by area.The governorate shares borders with Qena Governorate to the north, Red Sea Governorate to the east, New Valley Governorate to the west, and Sudan's Northern state to the south. The Nile River flows through the region, creating a narrow fertile valley surrounded by arid desert terrain.
The First Cataract of the Nile is located near Aswan city. Sandstone formations characterize the eastern and western deserts. Islands within the Nile include Elephantine Island, Sehel Island, and Philae Island. The completion of the Aswan High Dam formed Lake Nasser, which altered the southern geography of the governorate by submerging some areas while creating new water resources in the desert environment.
The eastern bank of the Nile contains more populated areas, while the western bank consists primarily of desert landscapes.
Climate
Aswan Governorate has a hot desert climate. The region experiences extreme aridity with minimal rainfall throughout the year. Summer months from May to September are particularly hot, with average high temperatures regularly reaching approximately 40°C.Winter months from November to February bring milder conditions, with average highs around 22-25°C. The area receives abundant sunshine year-round with minimal cloud cover. Rainfall is scarce, with some years experiencing no measurable precipitation. The region is also subject to occasional sandstorms, known as khamsin, which typically occur during spring months and can reduce visibility while increasing temperatures temporarily.
Demographics
According to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the population of Aswan Governorate was estimated to be 1,685,743 as of January 2024. This places it among the less densely populated governorates in Egypt, with a density of approximately 26.875 people per square kilometer.The population includes a substantial rural component, with many residents living in villages along the Nile River. The governorate is a cultural center for Egypt's Nubian community, with many Nubian villages located both north and south of Aswan city. The native Nubian languages, Nobiin and Kenzi, are spoken alongside Arabic.
The demographic landscape has been shaped by historical events, particularly the relocation of Nubian communities during the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the subsequent creation of Lake Nasser. This led to the displacement of many Nubian people to new areas, both within the governorate and in other parts of Egypt.
Municipal divisions
The governorate is organized into several municipal divisions for administrative purposes, with an estimated population of 1,685,743 as of January 2024. In some cases, a markaz and a kism share the same name.| Anglicized name | Native name | Arabic transliteration | Population | Type |
| Abu Simbel | مركز أبو سمبل | 8,317 | Markaz | |
| Aswan | مركز أسوان | 73,387 | Markaz | |
| Aswan 1 | قسم اول أسوان | 188,712 | Kism | |
| Aswan 2 | قسم ثان أسوان | 208,408 | Kism | |
| Daraw | مركز دراو | 151,380 | Markaz | |
| Edfu | مركز أدفو | 499,577 | Markaz | |
| Kom Ombo | مركز كوم امبو | 418,006 | Markaz | |
| New Aswan | مدينة أسوان الجديدة | 118 | New City | |
| New Tushka | مدينة توشكى الجديدة | New City | ||
| Nasr | مركز نصر | 95,306 | Markaz |