Astronomy in Chile

In 2011, Chile was home to 42% of the world's astronomical infrastructure, consisting principally of telescopes. In 2015, it was estimated that Chile would contain more than 50% of the global astronomical infrastructure by 2030. In the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile, the skies are exceptionally clear and dry for more than 300 days of the year. These conditions have attracted the world's scientific community to develop highly ambitious astronomical projects in the Atacama Desert.
Chile's diverse and active astronomical community includes Chilean and international professionals, including astronomers, engineers, students, and teachers, as well as amateurs.
The first documented report of an astronomical measurement carried out in Chile was the observation of a lunar eclipse by the soldier Pedro Cuadrado Chavino in June 1582. He used a classic Greek method to establish the latitude of the city of Valdivia based on measurements during the eclipse. Three centuries thereafter, in 1849 under the government of Manuel Bulnes, a scientific mission organized by the U.S. Navy that was led by James Melville Gilliss arrived in Chile to observe Venus and Mars to determine the distance between the Earth and the Sun. Gilliss' mission established the first astronomical observatory in the Cerro Santa Lucia. Three years thereafter, in 1852, the facilities comprising that observatory were transferred to Chile and the National Astronomical Observatory was born.
During the second half of the 20th century, observatories owned and operated by organizations in the U.S. and Europe were constructed in various locations in the north of the country: La Silla, Cerro Tololo, Las Campanas and later Cerro Paranal, Cerro Pachon and Chajnantor.

Chilean Astronomical Institutions

Professional astronomy

Center for Excellence in Astrophysics and Associated Technologies, CATA - Spanish & English

CATA is the largest Chilean R&D facility that exists for the development of technologies useful for astronomy. It is located in Calán Hill, in Santiago, Chile. This center has the largest number of astronomers in Chile, who hail from three universities: Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad de Concepción. CATA is engaged in work on nine different areas: six are focused on scientific research, three are focused on technological advances, and one is focused on Education & Outreach.

Millennium Center for Supernova Science - Spanish & English

This Center, which is mainly dedicated to supernova research, brings together astronomers from the Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad Andrés Bello.

Center of Astrophysics FONDAP - Spanish
Centre of Astrophysics Valparaiso
Chilean Astronomical Society

Northern Chile

Astronomy Center, University of Antofagasta
Astronomy Group, University of La Serena
Program in Physics with a division in Astronomy, Catholic University of the North

Central Chile

, Universidad de Chile
, Universidad Católica de Chile
, University of Valparaíso
.
, University of [Santiago, Chile|University of Santiago].

Southern Chile

Amateur astronomy

Cerro Los Condores Observatory
Department of Astronomy, University of Concepcion

International astronomy institutions in Chile

European Southern Observatory
, USA)

Observatories

Existing facilities

National Astronomical Observatory (Chile)
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory: NOAO telescopes, SMART consortium, GONG, PROMPT, ALPACA.
Cerro Pachon Observatory: Gemini Observatory, SOAR Telescope.
Llano de Chajnantor Observatory: Cosmic Background Imager, Atacama Pathfinder Experiment, Q/U Imaging ExperimenT QUIET,
Pampa La Bola and Purico Complex: Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment, NANTEN2 Observatory
Paranal Observatory: Very Large Telescope, Visible & Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy.
Atacama Large Millimeter Array
La Silla Observatory: ESO telescopes
Las Campanas Observatory: Carnegie telescopes, Magellan telescopes, Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network
Cerro El Roble Observatory
Manuel Foster Observatory

Future facilities

Giant Magellan Telescope to be located at Las Campanas Observatory.
European Extremely Large Telescope to be located in Cerro Armazones.
Vera C. Rubin Observatory to be located in Cerro Pachón Observatory.
Overwhelmingly Large Telescope. Potential sites in Chile were located in the Antofagasta region.

Further information on the Extremely large telescope.

Light pollution

Light Pollution Office : depends on the Comision Nacional de Medio Ambiente and the international observatories.
: National section of the International Dark-Sky Association.

Education

Undergraduate programs

Graduate programs

Master's Degree in Astronomy
Ph.D in Astronomy
Ph.D. in Astronomy

School programs

CADIAS
. Astronomy Department, University of Concepción.

People

Professional astronomers

In Chile

There are more than 100 astronomers resident in Chile. These include:

Main Research Areas: Supernova and High-Performance Computing, member of the "High-Z Supernova Search Team". For this work, the PI of the team, Brian P. Schmidt, was awarded the Physics Nobel Prize in 2011 for the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe.
Mario Hamuy. Main Research Areas: Supernovae, Distance Scale, Observational Cosmology. Main Awards: Guggenheim Scholarship. Hamuy is the second most cited scientist in Chile, and the most cited Chilean astronomer according to the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
Main Research Area: Birth & Evolution of Structures in the Universe
. Main Research Area: Supernovae. Main Award: National Prize for Exact Sciences
, Main Research Areas: Birth & Evolution of Structures in the Universe, Star Populations.
: Main Research Area: Brown Dwarfs. Main Award: National Prize for Exact Sciences
Main Research Area: Star Formation
,
, Main Research Areas: Molecular Clouds, Star Formation & Galactic Structure, Astronomical Instrumentation
Teresa Paneque
,
Ramirez, Amelia : dynamics and evolution of galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters.
Munoz Ferrada, Carlos

Engineers

Seguel, Juan : site testing of potential observatory locations.

Amateur astronomers and teachers

Gomez, Arturo: discoverer of the Gomez's Hamburger, a protoplanetary disk surrounding a young low-mass star.
Jimenez, Carmen Gloria: teacher and psychologist working as Educational and Outreach Expert for the Astronomy Department of the Universidad de Concepción. She is widely known for her participation in NASA's program "Teachers in Space" with an opportunity to visit the International Space Station or participate in the ground-based support for space missions engaging teachers.
Picetti, Battista: physics and astronomy teacher in the Seminario Conciliar de La Serena. He won the Michael Faraday Award for the Best Physics Teacher in 2007. Father Picetti is also the creator of El Tololito and Cerro Mayu Observatories

Planetariums

Planetarium of the Universidad de Santiago
Gemini's Mobile Planetariums
The Rapanui Planetarium is located in Hanga Roa, Rapa Nui. The Planetarium has agreements with the Department of Astronomy of the University of Concepción as well as with the University of Valparaíso. It offers free weekly activities for an average of 305 local schoolchildren from the following institutions: Liceo Lorenzo Baeza Vega, Hona'a o te Mana Aldea Educativa Rapa Nui, Colegio San Sebastián de Akivi, and Colegio Católico Hermano Eugenio Eyraud de Rapa Nui. This is a private venture founded by the archaeoastronomers Edmundo Edwards and Barthelemy d'Ans to promote Rapanui and Polynesian ethnoastronomy in addition to traditional astronomy.

Publications and books

Supernovas, José Maza, Mario Hamuy.Hijos de las estrellas, Maria Ruiz.

Astronomía Contemporánea, José MazaMundos lejanos, Dante Minniti.El mundo de Carlota, Teresa Paneque.Con ojos de gigantes: la observación astronómica en el siglo XXI, L. Felipe Barrientos y Sebastian Lopez, Ediciones B. 2008