Monarchies in Asia
There are several monarchies in Asia, while some states function as absolute monarchies where the king has complete authority over the state, others are constitutional monarchies where a monarch exercises authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making.
National monarchies
Constituent monarchies
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The United Arab Emirates is a federal presidential semi-constitutional monarchy consisting of 7 emirates, each ruled by absolute monarchs. The President, Vice President and Prime Minister are elected by the Federal Supreme Council, which consists of the rulers of the seven emirates. However, in practice, the office of President is traditionally held by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, while the offices of Vice President and Prime Minister are held by the Ruler of Dubai. The seven emirates of the UAE are:- Emirate of Abu Dhabi
- Emirate of Ajman
- Emirate of Dubai
- Emirate of Fujairah
- Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah
- Emirate of Sharjah
- Emirate of Umm al-Quwain
Malaysia
- State of Negeri Sembilan
- State of Perlis
- State of Selangor
- State of Terengganu
- State of Kedah
- State of Kelantan
- State of Pahang
- State of Johor
- State of Perak
Other subnational
India and Pakistan
The British ruled Indian Empire became independent from British rule in 1947 and became the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan and in 1950 India became the Republic of India, in 1956 Pakistan became the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and in 1971 the province of East Pakistan separated from Pakistan to become Bangladesh. Princely states were only in the present-day countries of India and Pakistan, and not Bangladesh. The princely states who were vassal states of the British, had a certain degree of power and autonomy during the British Raj. The princely states had integrated into the newly independent India and Pakistan between 1947 and 1975 and the former monarchs of the princely states who joined before 1971 in India and before 1972 in Pakistan became titular rulers that received a privy purse and initially retained their statuses, privileges, and autonomy. During this time, the former princely states in India were merged into unions, each of which was headed by a former ruling prince with the title of Rajpramukh, equivalent to a state governor.In 1956, the position of Rajpramukh was abolished and the federations dissolved, the former principalities becoming part of Indian states. The states which acceded to Pakistan retained their status until the promulgation of a new constitution in 1956, when most became part of the province of West Pakistan; a few of the former states retained their autonomy until 1969 when they were fully integrated into Pakistan. The Indian Government formally derecognised the princely families in 1971, followed by the Pakistani Government in 1972, in which their titles, autonomy, and privy purses were take away. Presently the rulers of the former princely states are pretenders who carry out ceremonial roles.
List of Princely States
Indonesia
Indonesia is a republic, however several provinces or regencies preserves their own monarchy, although only Special Region of Yogyakarta retains actual administrative authority, the rest only holds cultural significance.Administrative Monarchies
- Sultanate of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta
- Pakualaman, a princely state within Special Region of Yogyakarta
- Mangkualaman, it was divided out of the historical holdings of the royal family of Pakualaman on 23 August 2021 as a proposed settlement between royal claimants with KGPAA Mangku Alam Al-Haj Maulana Abdullah Khalifatullah Al-Jawi as head of the principality. The settlement is based on the historic restoration of the Merdiko Praja Mangkualaman Principality, which was established on March 7, 1822, by the Dutch East Indies colonial government.
- Surakarta Sunanate, Surakarta, Central Java
- Mangkunegaran, a princely state in Surakarta, Central Java
- Keraton Kasepuhan, Cirebon, West Java
- Keraton Kanoman, Cirebon, West Java
- Keraton Keprabonan, Cirebon, West Java
- Keraton Kacirebonan, Cirebon, West Java
- Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, Riau Islands
- Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, Riau
- Sultanate of Deli, Medan, North Sumatra
- Pontianak Sultanate, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
- Sultanate of Banjar, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan
- Kutai Sultanate, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan
- Bima Sultanate, Bima, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara
- Ternate Sultanate, North Maluku
Philippines
- Sultanate of Sulu
- Sultanate of Maguindanao
- Confederate States of Lanao