Arini (tribe)

The Arini tribe of the neotropical parrots is a monophyletic clade of macaws and parakeets characterized by colorful plumage and long, tapering tails. They occur throughout Mexico, Central America, and South America, the Caribbean and the southern United States. One genus and several species are extinct; another genus is extinct in the wild. Two species are known only through subfossil remains. About a dozen extinct species have been described, native to the Caribbean area.
Among the Arini are some of the rarest birds in the world, such as Spix's macaw, which is extinct in the wild – fewer than 100 specimens survive in captivity. It also contains the largest flighted parrot in the world, the hyacinth macaw. Some species, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw and sun conure are popular pet parrots.
Molecular studies have dated the divergence of the Arini tribe from the ancestral neotropical parrots to late in the Paleogene period about 30–35 million years ago.

Taxonomy

The Arini are one of three recognized clades in subfamily Arinae of neotropical parrots in the family Psittacidae of Afrotropical and neotropical parrots, one of three families of true parrots.

Image	Genus	Living species
	Anodorhynchus Spix, 1824	Hyacinth macaw, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Lear's macaw, Anodorhynchus leari Glaucous macaw, Anodorhynchus glaucus
	Cyanopsitta Bonaparte, 1854	Spix's macaw, Cyanopsitta spixii
	Ara Lacépède, 1799	Blue-and-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna Blue-throated macaw, Ara glaucogularis Military macaw, Ara militaris Great green macaw, Ara ambiguus Scarlet macaw, Ara macao Red-and-green (green-winged) macaw, Ara chloropterus Cuban red macaw, Ara tricolor Red-fronted macaw, Ara rubrogenys Chestnut-fronted macaw, Ara severus Saint Croix macaw, Ara autocthones
	Orthopsittaca Ridgway, 1912	Red-bellied macaw, Orthopsittaca manilatus
	Primolius Bonaparte, 1857	Blue-headed macaw, Primolius couloni Blue-winged macaw, Primolius maracana Golden-collared macaw, Primolius auricollis
	Diopsittaca Ridgway, 1912	Red-shouldered macaw, Diopsittaca nobilis
	Rhynchopsitta Bonaparte, 1854	Thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Maroon-fronted parrot, Rhynchopsitta terrisiRhynchopsitta phillipsi
	Ognorhynchus Bonaparte, 1857	Yellow-eared parrot, Ognorhynchus icterotis
	Guaruba Lesson, 1830	Golden parakeet, Guaruba guarouba
	Leptosittaca Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894	Golden-plumed parakeet, Leptosittaca branickii
	Conuropsis† Salvadori, 1891	Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis Conuropsis fratercula
	Psittacara Vigors, 1825	Green parakeet, Psittacara holochlorus Pacific parakeet, Psittacara strenuus Socorro parakeet, Psittacara brevipes Scarlet-fronted parakeet, Psittacara wagleri Cordilleran parakeet, Psittacara frontatus Mitred parakeet, Psittacara mitratus Red-masked parakeet, Psittacara erythrogenys Finsch's parakeet, Psittacara finschi White-eyed parakeet, Psittacara leucophthalmus Cuban parakeet, Psittacara euops Hispaniolan parakeet, Psittacara chloropterus Puerto Rican parakeet, Psittacara maugei
	Aratinga Spix, 1824	Sun parakeet, Aratinga solstitialis Sulphur-breasted parakeet, Aratinga maculata Jandaya parakeet, Aratinga jandaya Golden-capped parakeet, Aratinga auricapillus Nanday parakeet, Aratinga nenday Dusky-headed parakeet, Aratinga weddellii
	Eupsittula Bonaparte, 1853	Brown-throated parakeet, Eupsittula pertinax Olive-throated parakeet, Eupsittula nana Orange-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula canicularis Peach-fronted parakeet, Eupsittula aurea Cactus (Caatinga) parakeet, Eupsittula cactorum
	Thectocercus Vieillot, 1818	Blue-crowned parakeet, Thectocercus acuticaudatus
	Cyanoliseus Bonaparte, 1854	Burrowing parakeet, Cyanoliseus patagonus
	Pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1856	Ochre-marked parakeet, Pyrrhura cruentata * Maroon-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura frontalis * Blaze-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura devillei * Crimson-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura perlata * Pearly parakeet, Pyrrhura lepida * Green-cheeked parakeet, Pyrrhura molinae * Painted parakeet, Pyrrhura picta ** Sinú parakeet, Pyrrhura subandina ** Todd's (Perijá) parakeet, Pyrrhura caeruleiceps ** Azuero parakeet, Pyrrhura eisenmanni * Venezuelan parakeet, Pyrrhura emma * Santarém parakeet, Pyrrhura amazonum ** Madeira parakeet, Pyrrhura snethlageae * Bonaparte's parakeet, Pyrrhura lucianii * Rose-fronted parakeet or red-crowned parakeet, Pyrrhura roseifrons ** Wavy-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura peruviana * White-eared (maroon-faced) parakeet, Pyrrhura leucotis * Grey-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura griseipectus * Pfrimer's parakeet, Pyrrhura pfrimeri * Fiery-shouldered parakeet, Pyrrhura egregia * Santa Marta parakeet, Pyrrhura viridicata * Maroon-tailed parakeet, Pyrrhura melanura * El Oro parakeet, Pyrrhura orcesi * Black-capped (rock) parakeet, Pyrrhura rupicola * White-necked parakeet, Pyrrhura albipectus * Flame-winged (brown-breasted) parakeet, Pyrrhura calliptera * Blood-eared parakeet, Pyrrhura hoematotis * Rose-headed (rose-crowned) parakeet, Pyrrhura rhodocephala * Sulphur-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura hoffmanni
	Enicognathus G.R. Gray, 1840	Austral parakeet, Enicognathus ferrugineus Slender-billed parakeet, Enicognathus leptorhynchus