Appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the vertebrate endoskeleton consisting of the bones, cartilages and ligaments that support the paired appendages. In most terrestrial vertebrates, the appendicular skeleton and the associated skeletal muscles are the predominant weight-bearing and locomotive structures.
There are 126 bones in the human appendicular skeleton, includes the skeletal elements within the shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs, and hands and feet. These bones have shared ancestry to those in the forelimbs and hindlimbs of all other tetrapods, which are in turn homologous to the pectoral and pelvic fins in fish.

Etymology

The adjective "appendicular" comes from Latin appendicula, meaning "small addition". It is the diminutive of appendix, which comes from the prefix ad- + and the word root pendere.

The organization of the appendicular system

Of the 206 bones in the human skeleton, the appendicular skeleton comprises 126. Functionally, it is involved in terrestrial locomotion and weight-bearing, and grasping and object manipulation.
The appendicular skeleton forms during development from cartilage, by the process of endochondral ossification.
The appendicular skeleton is divided into six major regions:

Shoulder girdle - Left and right clavicle and scapula.
Arms and forearms - Left and right humerus, ulna and radius .
Hands and wrists - Left and right carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges .
Pelvis - left and right hip bones, each of which is actually a fusion of three bones.
Thighs and legs - Left and right femur, patella, tibia and fibula .
Feet and ankles - Left and right tarsals, metatarsals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges .

Through anatomical variation, the appendicular skeleton may have an accessory bone. Examples include sesamoids in the hands and feet. Some occurrences are rarer than others.
The 126 bones of the appendicular skeleton and the 80 bones of the axial skeleton together form the complete skeleton of 206 bones in the human body. Unlike the axial skeleton, the appendicular skeleton is made up of significantly more long bones and predominantly articulated via synovial joints, which allow for a much greater range of motion.