Anagyrous
Image:NAMA - Plate by the Anagyrus Painter.jpg|thumb|Plate with depiction of gorgons, recovered at Anagyrous; National Museum, Attica.
Anagyrus or Anagyrous, also Anagyruntus or Anagyrountos, was a deme of ancient Attica, belonging to the phyle Erechtheis, situated in the south of Attica near the promontory Zoster. Pausanias mentions at this place a temple of the mother of the gods.
The ruins of Anagyrus have been found near Vari.
The ancient name was maintained until 600 AD, as mentioned by geographer and historian Stephanus of Byzantium.
Anagyrous is an important archaeological site that still remains unexplored, with traces of human habitation dating back to 3rd millennium BCE, that include:
- The fortification and acropolis of Lathouriza
- The remains of 25 small houses
- A sacred altar
- Ten funerary precincts
- A major Mycenaean cemetery
- A cemetery and Palestrina of the Classical period
- The Cave of the Nymphs and Pan
Etymology
From name of hero Anagyros
According to one version, the name derives from the mythical Anagyros, whose temple was located in the region. Anagyros made the homes near his sacred grove tremble and collapse. He once exterminated an entire family who had cut trees from his sacred grove—hence the ancient proverb, "Anagryasion Daimon". Offerings and sacrifices were brought to Anagyros as attempts to appease his anger.From plant name ''Anagyris''
Another version derives from the plant Anagyris Anagyris foetida, the stinking bean trefoil , referred to as emetic and laxative by Dioscorides in his monumental De materia medica, and as an exorcism of ill fate by the Byzantine Suidas dictionary. The plant grows abundantly in the valley, exuding a terrible stench when touched or shaken. Aristophanes cites the following humorist dialogue:
Πόθεν εισίν; Αναγυρουντόθεν. Νη τον Δία, ο γουν Ανάγυρος μη κεκινήσθαι δοκεί.
In this context may also be mentioned a punning exchange near the beginning of Aristophanes’s comedy Lysistrata:
A further layer of meaning can be guessed at in the pun: some commentators have inferred that a playful jibe at the inhabitants of Anagyrous may have been intended - to the effect that the Anagyrasians were notably smelly, because their personal hygiene was poor. .
CALONICE: Hi ! but they're coming now : here they all are : First one, and then another - hoity-toity!
Where’s this lot from?
LYSISTRATA: From Anagyrous.
CALONICE: Aha! Well, at any rate we’ve "stirred up Anagyrous" . *
- Note: κινεῖν τὸν ἀνάγυρον "To stir up the Anagyris" was a proverb, used of persons who brought some unpleasantness on themselves . Calonice applies the proverb to the Anagyrous, meaning that the influx of Anagyrasian women proved that the deme Anagyrous was thoroughly stirred up .
Association with infancy of Plato
According to Aelian, the countryside near Anagyrous was where Aristion and Periktyoni used to lull baby Plato."... εν ταις πλησίον μυρρίναις, δασείες ούσες και πυκνές, καθεύδοντι δε εσμός μελισσών εν τοις χείλεσι αυτού καθίσασαι, υπήδον την του Πλάτωνος ευγλωττία μαντευόμεναι."
.
"... nearby the myrtle plants, dense and leafy as they were, and while he was sleeping, a swarm of bees sat peacefully on his lips, thus surmising the eloquence of Plato."