Amato Group
The Amato Group, officially the Action Committee for European Democracy was a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working, over 2006–2007, on rewriting the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe into what became known as the Treaty of Lisbon following the earlier treaty's rejection, in 2005, by referendums in France and the Netherlands.
Led by Giuliano Amato, a former Prime Minister of Italy who was also Vice-President of the original European Convention, the group was backed by the Barroso Commission, who sent two representatives, the commissioners Danuta Hübner and Margot Wallström.
Members
The group consisted of 16 members from 14 member states of the European Union, including one current European Commissioner:| Name | Member state | Reason for inclusion |
| Giuliano Amato | former Prime Minister of Italy and Vice-President of the former European Convention | |
| Michel Barnier | former French Foreign Minister, former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | |
| Stefan Collignon | Professor and political economist | |
| Jean-Luc Dehaene | former Prime Minister of Belgium and Vice-President of the former European Convention | |
| Danuta Hübner | European Commissioner for Regional Policy | |
| Sandra Kalniete | former European Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries | |
| Wim Kok | former Prime Minister of the Netherlands | |
| Paavo Lipponen | former Prime Minister of Finland | |
| János Martonyi | former Hungarian Foreign Minister | |
| Inigo Mendez de Vigo | Member of the European Parliament | |
| Chris Patten | former European Commissioner for External Relations | |
| Otto Schily | former German Interior Minister | |
| Costas Simitis | former Prime Minister of Greece | |
| Dominique Strauss-Kahn | former French Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry | |
| António Vitorino | former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs | |
| Margot Wallström | Vice-President of the European Commission |
Resulting text
The group first met in Rome on 30 September 2006. On 4 June 2007 they released the completed draft text. The size of the text is cut from 63,000 words in 448 articles in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to 12,800 in 70 articles in the proposed text of a new EU-treaty. The sized down text came from including only the innovations contained in the third part of the EU Constitution – which essentially ties together former EU treaties – and putting them into additional protocols. The two protocols would be attached to the existing Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community.The text stripped the rejected constitution of its constitutional elements, including the article on the EU's symbols and the controversial "God-less" preamble, reduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights to one legally binding article and foresees a new name for new EU foreign policy chief, called 'Union foreign minister' in the Constitution.
Structure of the new treaty
The new treaty would not include everything in a single document, as the Constitution would do, but rather:- Replace the Treaty on European Union with the text of the new treaty, which roughly corresponds with Part I and Part IV of the European Constitution. The nine titles of Part I of the European Constitution are literally taken over as titles I to IX of the new TEU. Title X is a new title that contains two short articles referring to the Treaty establishing the European Community and two articles originally from Part IV of the Constitution regarding two simplified revision procedures. Title XI is similar to the rest of Part IV of the Constitution.
- Amend the Treaty establishing the European Community to have most provisions of Part III of the European Constitution included in the treaty, including the single legal personality of the Union and the suppression of the pillar structure. In order to avoid any legal confusion, the words "European Community" would be replaced by "European Union" in the text of the TEC. The Intergovernmental Conference agreeing on the new treaty may also decide to rename the treaty, like has been done before by the Maastricht Treaty. The Treaty establishing the European Community is to be amended by means of two protocols attached to the new treaty:
- *A Protocol on the Functioning of the Union, containing institutional changes;
- *A Protocol on the Development of the Union's Policies in Order to Meet the Challenges of the XXI Century, containing the innovations of the European Constitution.
- Refer to the existing Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union in article 8 of the new TEU, whereby it becomes legally binding. Article I-9 of the European Constitution referred to Part II of the Constitution in a similar manner. The charter will be updated to the version included in Part II of the European Constitution, which slightly differs from the original charter.
Differences between the new TEU and the European Constitution
Titles I to IX of the new TEU are literally taken over from Part I of the European Constitution, with only the following modifications:- The preamble of the European Constitution, as well as Article I-1 and Article I-8, are not taken over as such, because of their constitutional character. Article 1 of the new treaty would instead be similar to Article 1 of the current Treaty on European Union. The rather long preamble of the European Constitution would be replaced by a sentence explaining the need for a new treaty, and possibly referring to the Berlin Declaration of March 27, 2007.
- An additional paragraph is added to section 1 of Article 8 of the new TEU, which states that with the entry into force of the new Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights will become legally binding.
- References to other articles in the original text of the European Constitution are replaced by references to the new places of the articles, i.e. in the new TEU, in the amended TEC, or in the Charter of Fundamental Rights.