Demographics of Alabama

The 2010 [United States census#State rankings|2010 census] estimated Alabama's population at 4,802,740, an increase of 332,636 or 7.5% since 2000. This includes a natural increase of 87,818 and a net migration of 73,178 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,537 and migration within the country produced a net increase of 42,641.
As of 2000, 96.7% of Alabama residents age 5 and older speak English at home and 2.2% speak Spanish. German speakers make up only 0.4% of the population, French/French Creole at 0.3%, and Chinese at 0.1%.
In 2006 Alabama had a larger percentage of tobacco smokers than the national average, with 23% of adults smoking.
The religious affiliations of adult people in Alabama are as follows: Christian – 86%, Non-Christian Faiths – 1%, Other faiths – 1%, Unaffiliated – 12%
As of 2000, 25.3% of residents of the state were under 18, 6.7% were under 5, and 13.0% were over 65.
51.7% of Alabamians are female and 48.3% are male; there is a surplus of 600,000 women in the age range of 25–44.

Population

The 2010 census estimated Alabama's population at 4,802,740, an increase of 332,636 or 7.5% since 2000. This includes a natural increase of 87,818 and a net migration of 73,178 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,537 and migration within the country produced a net increase of 42,641.
In 2006 Alabama had a larger percentage of tobacco smokers than the national average, with 23% of adults smoking.
The racial makeup of the state and comparison to the prior census:

2020 census

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	41,582	70.71%
American (U.S. Census)\|Black or African American]	11,352	19.3%
Native American	184	0.31%
Asian	873	1.48%
Pacific Islander	22	0.04%
Other/Mixed	2,675	4.55%
Hispanic or Latino	2,117	3.6%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	11,086	43.95%
Black or African American	11,850	46.98%
Native American	58	0.23%
Asian	103	0.41%
Other/Mixed	616	2.44%
Hispanic or Latino	1,510	5.99%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	49,764	84.15%
Black or African American	826	1.4%
Native American	188	0.32%
Asian	174	0.29%
Pacific Islander	11	0.02%
Other/Mixed	2,400	4.06%
Hispanic or Latino	5,771	9.76%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	9,679	50.81%
Black or African American	8,389	44.03%
Native American	23	0.12%
Asian	143	0.75%
Pacific Islander	5	0.03%
Other/Mixed	552	2.9%
Hispanic or Latino	250	1.36%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	18,616	53.54%
Black or African American	13,441	38.65%
Native American	71	0.2%
Asian	385	1.11%
Pacific Islander	11	0.03%
Other/Mixed	1,011	2.91%
Hispanic or Latino	1,237	3.56%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	34,878	77.48%
Black or African American	4,040	8.97%
Native American	112	0.25%
Asian	176	0.39%
Pacific Islander	5	0.01%
Other/Mixed	1,385	3.08%
Hispanic or Latino	4,418	9.81%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	11,970	51.85%
Black or African American	10,223	44.28%
Native American	74	0.32%
Asian	91	0.39%
Pacific Islander	1	0.0%
Other/Mixed	522	2.26%
Hispanic or Latino	206	0.89%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	13,740	91.26%
Black or African American	457	3.04%
Native American	42	0.28%
Asian	21	0.14%
Pacific Islander	2	0.01%
Other/Mixed	510	3.39%
Hispanic or Latino	284	1.89%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	43,241	75.56%
Black or African American	9,222	16.11%
Native American	223	0.39%
Asian	432	0.75%
Pacific Islander	9	0.02%
Other/Mixed	2,368	4.14%
Hispanic or Latino	1,732	3.03%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	6,807	65.53%
Black or African American	3,000	28.88%
Native American	25	0.24%
Asian	8	0.08%
Other/Mixed	346	3.33%
Hispanic or Latino	201	1.94%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	9,333	70.74%
Black or African American	3,085	23.38%
Native American	48	0.36%
Asian	83	0.63%
Pacific Islander	2	0.02%
Other/Mixed	456	3.46%
Hispanic or Latino	187	1.42%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	32,602	66.09%
Black or African American	10,100	20.48%
Native American	217	0.44%
Asian	648	1.31%
Pacific Islander	42	0.09%
Other/Mixed	2,463	4.99%
Hispanic or Latino	3,254	6.6%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	54,529	76.15%
Black or African American	1,019	1.42%
Native American	715	1.0%
Asian	237	0.33%
Pacific Islander	16	0.02%
Other/Mixed	3,348	4.68%
Hispanic or Latino	11,744	16.4%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	22,004	59.86%
Black or African American	10,922	29.71%
Native American	1,488	4.05%
Asian	108	0.29%
Pacific Islander	22	0.06%
Other/Mixed	1,462	3.98%
Hispanic or Latino	751	2.04%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	13,552	83.03%
Black or African American	1,720	10.54%
Native American	43	0.26%
Asian	49	0.3%
Pacific Islander	1	0.01%
Other/Mixed	560	3.43%
Hispanic or Latino	396	2.43%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	21,654	81.23%
Black or African American	2,231	8.37%
Native American	166	0.62%
Asian	86	0.32%
Pacific Islander	7	0.03%
Other/Mixed	1,219	4.57%
Hispanic or Latino	1,296	4.86%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	5,972	40.39%
Black or African American	8,313	56.23%
Native American	34	0.23%
Asian	18	0.12%
Pacific Islander	5	0.03%
Other/Mixed	294	1.99%
Hispanic or Latino	149	1.01%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	68,251	63.67%
Black or African American	28,232	26.34%
Native American	321	0.3%
Asian	1,260	1.18%
Pacific Islander	59	0.06%
Other/Mixed	4,598	4.29%
Hispanic or Latino	4,481	4.18%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	324,252	48.06%
Black or African American	280,112	41.52%
Native American	1,207	0.18%
Asian	13,043	1.95%
Pacific Islander	311	0.05%
Other/Mixed	20,940	3.1%
Hispanic or Latino	34,856	5.17%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	76,491	81.75%
Black or African American	9,164	9.79%
Native American	295	0.32%
Asian	748	0.8%
Pacific Islander	31	0.03%
Other/Mixed	3,757	4.02%
Hispanic or Latino	3,078	3.29%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	109,795	63.01%
Black or African American	39,252	22.53%
Native American	365	0.21%
Asian	8,544	4.9%
Pacific Islander	108	0.06%
Other/Mixed	7,042	4.04%
Hispanic or Latino	9,135	5.24%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	2,807	27.22%
Black or African American	7,149	69.33%
Native American	9	0.09%
Asian	15	0.15%
Other/Mixed	191	1.85%
Hispanic or Latino	140	1.36%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	237,497	61.19%
Black or African American	91,079	23.46%
Native American	2,132	0.55%
Asian	10,179	2.62%
Pacific Islander	450	0.12%
Other/Mixed	21,880	5.64%
Hispanic or Latino	24,936	6.42%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	26,093	88.93%
Black or African American	1,094	3.73%
Native American	82	0.28%
Asian	75	0.26%
Pacific Islander	14	0.05%
Other/Mixed	1,120	3.82%
Hispanic or Latino	863	2.94%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	226,703	54.65%
Black or African American	145,435	35.06%
Native American	3,743	0.9%
Asian	8,515	2.05%
Pacific Islander	216	0.05%
Other/Mixed	16,772	4.04%
Hispanic or Latino	13,425	3.24%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	73,354	32.04%
Black or African American	129,801	56.69%
Native American	364	0.16%
Asian	7,952	3.47%
Pacific Islander	119	0.05%
Other/Mixed	6,680	2.92%
Hispanic or Latino	10,684	4.67%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	2,345	27.55%
Black or African American	5,914	69.49%
Native American	15	0.18%
Asian	10	0.12%
Pacific Islander	1	0.01%
Other/Mixed	137	1.61%
Hispanic or Latino	89	1.05%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	18,036	54.64%
Black or African American	12,068	36.56%
Native American	169	0.51%
Asian	577	1.75%
Pacific Islander	9	0.03%
Other/Mixed	1,245	3.77%
Hispanic or Latino	905	2.74%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	26,679	45.08%
Black or African American	25,930	43.81%
Native American	180	0.3%
Asian	408	0.69%
Pacific Islander	128	0.22%
Other/Mixed	2,663	4.5%
Hispanic or Latino	3,195	5.4%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	162,712	72.96%
Black or African American	28,711	12.87%
Native American	478	0.21%
Asian	5,114	2.29%
Pacific Islander	91	0.04%
Other/Mixed	9,458	4.24%
Hispanic or Latino	16,460	7.38%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	50,732	61.76%
Black or African American	26,340	32.06%
Native American	184	0.22%
Asian	395	0.48%
Pacific Islander	27	0.03%
Other/Mixed	2,692	3.28%
Hispanic or Latino	1,779	2.17%

Race / Ethnicity	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2010	% 2020
Latino whites\|White] alone	126,611	134,880	65.04%	59.41%
Black or African American alone	57,401	68,779	29.49%	30.29%
Native American or Alaska Native alone	455	420	0.23%	0.18%
Asian alone	2,293	3,241	1.18%	1.43%
Pacific Islander alone	76	94	0.04%	0.04%
Some Other Race alone	136	792	0.07%	0.35%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial	1,735	6,532	0.89%	2.88%
Hispanic or Latino	5,949	12,298	3.06%	5.42%
Total	194,656	227,036	100.00%	100.00%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	10,267	66.72%
Black or African American	3,318	21.56%
Native American	1,102	7.16%
Asian	14	0.09%
Pacific Islander	2	0.01%
Other/Mixed	547	3.55%
Hispanic or Latino	138	0.9%

Race	Num.	Perc.
White	21,598	91.75%
Black or African American	131	0.56%
Native American	83	0.35%
Asian	58	0.25%
Pacific Islander	9	0.04%
Other/Mixed	846	3.59%
Hispanic or Latino	815	3.46%

Birth data

Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Race	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
White	35,086	35,929	35,826	34,899	34,377	33,776	33,394	32,672	33,775	33,725	33,230
Black	18,014	18,417	18,429	17,695	17,963	17,597	18,197	17,746	16,511	16,067	15,543
Asian	973	1,227	1,193	986	950	903	886	836	852	782	820
American Indian	209	200	190	150	175	148	188	133	155	187	139
Hispanic	4,002	4,019	4,295	4,580	4,546	4,403	4,910	5,233	5,648	6,231	6,890
Total	58,167	59,422	59,657	59,151	58,941	57,761	58,615	57,647	58,054	58,149	57,858

Since 2016, data for births of Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic] origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

Ancestry

Historically, African Americans were brought to Alabama as slaves, in greatest numbers in the cotton-producing plantation region known as the Black Belt. This region remains predominantly African American, where many freedmen settled to work at agriculture after the Civil War. The northern part of the state, originally settled by small farmers with fewer slaves, is predominantly European American. The Port of Mobile, founded by the French and subsequently controlled by England, Spain, and the United States, has long had an ethnically diverse population. It has long served as an entry point for various groups settling in other parts of the state. Those citing "American" ancestry in Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their ancestors have been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early 1600s. Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominantly English ancestry and state that the figure is probably much higher. In the 1980 census 1,139,976 people in Alabama stated that they were of English ancestry out of a total state population of 2,824,719, making them 41% of the state at the time and the largest ethnic group. There are also many more people in Alabama of Scots-Irish origins than are self-reported. Many people in Alabama claim Irish ancestry because of the term "Scots-Irish", but most of the time in Alabama this term is used for those with Scottish roots, rather than Irish. Alabama is home to the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek Native American tribes. Alabama also has a growing Hispanic population. Mexicans are the largest Latino ethnic group in Alabama, but the state is also home to Guatemalans, Puerto Ricans, Colombians, Brazilians, Salvadorians, and Panamanians. Mexicans, Central Americans, Germans, Koreans and Vietnamese people have just recently have become part of the state's population.

Religion

The religious affiliations of adult people in Alabama are as follows:

Christian – 86%
*Evangelical Protestant – 49%
**Baptist – 31%
**Pentecostal – 5%
**Presbyterian – 2%
**Restorationist – 3%
**Holiness movement – 1%
*Mainline Protestant – 13%
**Baptist – 2%
**Methodist – 5%
**Lutheran – 1%
**Presbyterian – 1%
**Episcopalian/ – 1%
**Congregationalist – 1%
*Historically Black Protestant – 16%
**Baptist – 11%
**Methodist – 3%
**Pentecostal – 1%
**Holiness Family – 1%
*Catholic – 7%
*LDS – 1%
*Christian – non-denominational – 6%
Non-Christian faiths – 1%
Other faiths – 1%
Unaffiliated – 12%
*Atheist – 1%
*Agnostic – 1%
*Nothing in particular – 9%
*Don't know – 1%