Abakan
Abakan is the capital city of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of the Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.
History
Abakansky ostrog, also known as Abakansk, was built at the mouth of the Abakan River in 1675. In the 1780s, the selo of Ust-Abakanskoye was established in this area. It was granted town status and given its current name on 30 April 1931.In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and Askiz. When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1941–1945, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large Chinese-style, likely Han dynasty era palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside the Han Empire's borders, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BCE, and defected to them as a result. While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by as the residence of, a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.
Lithuanian and Polish exiles
In the late 18th and during the 19th century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830–1831, and 1863 rebellions against Russian rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of camps was established where prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After Stalin's death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in.Also Polish exiles were deported to Khakassia, with the some descendants still living in the region. In 1994, a local Polish school was founded, which was supported by the local authorities until 2014, and in 1999, a Polish-language faculty was introduced at the local Khakassian State University.
Administrative and municipal status
Abakan is the capital of the republic. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Abakan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts As a municipal division, the City of Abakan is incorporated as Abakan Urban Okrug.Economy
The city has an industry enterprises, Katanov State University of Khakasia, and three theatres. Furthermore, it has a commercial center that produces footwear, foodstuffs, and metal products.Transportation
Abakan was a terminal of the major Abakan-Taishet Railway. Now it is an important railway junction.The city is served by the Abakan International Airport.
Military
The 100th Air Assault Brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops was based in the city until circa 1996.Sites
Abakan's sites of interest include:- Holy Transfiguration Cathedral
- "Good Angel of Peace" sculpture
- Park of Topiary Art
- Khakas National local history museum named after Leonid Kyzlasov
Sports
Climate
Abakan has a borderline dry-winter continental /cold semi-arid climate. Temperature differences between seasons are extreme, which is typical for Siberia. Precipitation is concentrated in the summer and is less common because of rain shadows from nearby mountains.Local government
The structure of the local government in the city of Abakan is as follows:- council of deputies of the city of Abakan - a representative body of the municipality;
- the head of the city of Abakan - the head of the municipality;
- the administration of the city of Abakan - the executive and administrative body of the municipality;
- auditing commission of the municipality of the city of Abakan - the control and accounting body of the municipality.
The council consists of 28 deputies. Deputies are elected in single-member constituencies and on party lists. Elections of deputies of the VI convocation were held on a single voting day in 2018.
; Head of the city
- Alexey Viktorovich Lyomin
- Albert Yuryevich Tupikin
In 2021, the annual Nikolai Bulakin Prize of Abakan was established for outstanding services and achievements in the city's development. The award includes a monetary reward of 200,000 rubles and a diploma.