599

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Emperor Maurice refuses to pay ransom for 12,000 Byzantine soldiers taken prisoner by the Avars. Their leader Bayan I orders the execution of the prisoners, and slaughters them all. His failure to buy back the captives destroys Maurice's popularity with the Byzantine troops in the Balkan Peninsula.
• Summer - Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum, and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium. The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.
• Priscus pursues the fleeing Avar tribes and invades their homeland in Pannonia. He devastates the land east of the Tisza River, deciding the war for the Byzantines and ending the Avar and Slavic incursions across the Danube.
• Autumn - Comentiolus reopens the Gate of Trajan pass, near Ihtiman. This strategic mountain pass, whose fortress "Stipon" defends the border between the provinces Thrace and Macedonia, is not used for decades.

  Europe

• Callinicus, governor of Ravenna, repulses attacks of the South Slavs in Istria. The region is pillaged, but the Byzantines drive them all out.
• Callinicus breaks the truce by kidnapping the Lombard daughter of King Agilulf, beginning a war with the Exarchate of Ravenna.

  Britain

• Rædwald becomes king of East Anglia, under the overlordship of Æthelberht of Kent.

  Persia

• King Khosrau II sends a Persian expedition to South Arabia and conquers Yemen. He establishes a military base to control the sea trade with the East.

  Asia

• Tardu declares himself to be ruler of the united Turkic Khaganate. His new status is not recognised widely in the empire.
• Beop becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Baekje.

  Mesoamerica

• The Maya city of Palenque is plundered by King Scroll Serpent of Calakmul.

  By topic

Religion

• Venantius Fortunatus, Latin poet and hymnodist in the Merovingian court, is appointed bishop of Poitiers.