2025 PN7

is a small near-Earth asteroid and the most recently discovered quasi-satellite of Earth. First observed on 2 August 2025 by the Pan-STARRS 1 telescope at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii, is a member of the Arjuna asteroid group—near-Earth objects with orbits very similar to Earth's.

Discovery

was discovered on 2 August 2025 by the Pan-STARRS 1 telescope at Haleakalā Observatory in Hawaii, United States. The asteroid was formally announced by the Minor Planet Center in a Minor Planet Electronic Circular on 29 August.
Upon discovery, the asteroid was first given the temporary internal designation P12dHmP. Once it was formally announced on 29 August, it was assigned the provisional designation by the MPC.

Orbit and classification

is an Apollo asteroid with a semi-major axis of 1.003 AU, an orbital eccentricity of 0.108, and an orbital inclination of approximately 2°, placing it in the low-eccentricity, low-inclination Arjuna class. Unlike Earth's natural satellite, the Moon, is not gravitationally bound to Earth. It maintains a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Earth, making it a quasi-satellite. From Earth's perspective, the asteroid appears to hover nearby.

Relationship to Earth

joins a small group of known quasi-satellites of Earth, including 164207 Cardea, 469219 Kamo‘oalewa,,,, and. Quasi-satellites like are temporarily co-orbital with Earth but are not true moons. Some Arjuna-class asteroids with particularly Earth-like orbits can occasionally become temporary mini-moons, gravitationally captured by Earth for months to years.
During its closest approach, comes within approximately 299,000 km of Earth, while at its farthest it can be tens of millions of kilometers away. Over time, it may transition between quasi-satellite and horseshoe orbits due to gravitational perturbations.