2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade
The 2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade was a military parade held in Red Square, Moscow, Russia, on 9 May 2025, to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Victory Day, which celebrates the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of World War II in Europe.
Background
Victory Day is a significant secular holiday in Russia that commemorates Germany's surrender in World War II, which marked the end of the war in Europe. At least 26 million Soviet citizens lost their lives. Victory Day has been observed annually on 9 May since 1945, and it is one of the most revered and widely celebrated public holidays in Russia, with parades, fireworks, and concerts held across the country.During the presidency of Vladimir Putin, Western observers and media have maintained that the holiday has been used for propaganda purposes, particularly since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Parade summary
For the first time since 2012, Sergei Shoigu did not greet the 11,500 troops on Red Square as Minister of Defence, as he was replaced on 12 May 2024 after the 2024 Victory Day Parade, with Andrey Belousov assuming the role, appearing in a civilian suit rather than military uniform. Thirteen foreign contingents participated in the parade, including troops from the Commonwealth of Independent States with Egypt, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam joining the procession for the first time. The mechanized column opened with the iconic WWII-era T-34 tank and SU-100 self-propelled gun, symbolizing Soviet victory. They were followed by a display of modern military hardware: BMP-2 and Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicles, T-72B3M, T-80BVM, and T-90M Proryv main battle tanks, reconnaissance vehicles, medical transports, and missile systems including the Iskander-M and S-400 air defense system. Notably, unmanned aerial vehicles and loitering munitions such as the ZALA Lancet and Geran-2 drones were featured for the first time, highlighting the growing role of drone warfare. The parade concluded with a flyover by Su-30SM and MiG-29 fighter jets from the Russian Knights and Swifts aerobatic teams, followed by six Su-25 jets emitting plumes in the colors of the Russian tricolour. In a significant diplomatic gesture, the Prime Minister of Slovakia, Robert Fico, became the first leader from an EU or NATO member state to attend the parade since the onset of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.Putin's speech
In his Victory Day address, President Vladimir Putin emphasized Russia's role as the primary force behind the defeat of Germany, crediting the Soviet people with extraordinary heroism and sacrifice. He honored the memory of fallen soldiers and lauded the contributions of all Soviet republics, particularly highlighting the support from Central Asia and the South Caucasus during the war. He condemned modern attempts to distort the history of World War II, including efforts to downplay the Soviet Union's role or to rehabilitate Nazi collaborators. He criticized unnamed countries for erasing Soviet-era monuments and replacing them with memorials to what he called "traitors and Hitler's accomplices." He stated that Russia "will never agree" with the falsification of history or the slandering of the Red Army's legacy, and reaffirmed the need to preserve the truth and dignity of the Soviet war effort. Tying the legacy of the war to present-day events, Putin claimed that Russia's current military efforts are a continuation of the fight against Nazism and aggression. He asserted that the entire Russian society supports its soldiers and insisted that truth and justice are on Russia's side. He also warned of rising Russophobia and anti-Semitism, saying that Russia remains a global barrier against such ideologies. While acknowledging the contributions of the Allied nations, including the opening of the Second Front and the efforts of the Resistance and the Chinese people, Putin reiterated that the turning point of the war came on Soviet soil. He called on Russians to remain united, proud, and committed to their homeland, stating that the nation's strength lies in its unity, heritage, and values passed down by the wartime generation.Foreign dignitaries in attendance
On 6 May, Yuri Ushakov, an aide to President Putin on foreign policy, announced a list of dignitaries who were to attend the parade, among whom were the leaders of 29 nations. Virtually all attended, including the leaders of most of the former Soviet republics, with the exceptions of the GUAM countries and the Baltic states. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev cancelled his visit on 7 May, as did President of Laos Thongloun Sisoulith.- President of Abkhazia Badra Gunba
- Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan
- Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Željka Cvijanović
- * President of Republika Srpska Milorad Dodik
- President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko
- President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
- President of Burkina Faso Ibrahim Traoré
- President of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party Xi Jinping
- President of the Republic of the Congo Denis Sassou-Nguesso
- President of Cuba and First Secretary of the Communist Party Miguel Díaz-Canel
- President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
- President of Equatorial Guinea Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
- President of Ethiopia Taye Atske Selassie
- President of Guinea-Bissau Umaro Sissoco Embaló
- Minister of state for Defence of India Sanjay Seth
- Minister of Defence of Indonesia Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin
- Ambassador of Iran to Russia Kazem Jalali
- Ambassador of Israel to Russia Simona Halperin
- President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
- President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov
- Minister of Foreign Affairs of Laos Thongsavanh Phomvihane
- Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army Khalifa Haftar
- President of Mongolia Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
- Prime Minister of Myanmar and Chairman of the State Administration Council Min Aung Hlaing
- Advisor for Economic and International Affairs of Nicaragua Laureano Ortega
- Ambassador of North Korea to Russia Sin Hong-chol
- President of Palestine Mahmoud Abbas
- President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić
- Prime Minister of Slovakia Robert Fico
- Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of South Africa Angie Motshekga
- President of South Ossetia Alan Gagloev
- President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon
- President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedow
- President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev
- President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Tô Lâm
- President of Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa
Full order of the 2025 parade
Bold indicates first appearance, italic indicates multiple appearances, Bold and italic indicate returning appearance, all indicated unless otherwise noted.Andrey Belousov, Minister of Defense of the Russian FederationMilitary bands
- Massed Military Bands of the Armed Forces under the direction of the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia, Major General Timofey Mayakin
- Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College – Led by the College Commandant, Colonel Alexander Gerasimov
Infantry column
154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment Colour Guard1st Honour Guard Company of the 1st Honor Guard Battalion, 154th PICR Front standards and historical coloursHistorical units- * Infantrymen
- * Aviators
- * Sailors
- * Combat engineers
- * Reconnaissance
- * Border Troops of the NKVD
- * Militiamen
- * Combined Don Cossacks Company
- Foreign contingents on parade, in the order of their appearance
- * Azerbaijani Commando Brigade
- * 5th Brigade, Special Operations Forces of Belarus
- * 37th Air Assault Brigade, Kazakh Airmobile Forces
- * National Guard of Kyrgyzstan
- * 7th Airborne Assault Brigade, Tajik Mobile Forces
- * Independent Honor Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defence of Turkmenistan
- * Personnel of the Tashkent Military District of the Ministry of Defence of Uzbekistan
- * Army Officer Training School No. 1, People's Army of Vietnam
- * Military Police Detachment, Egyptian Armed Forces
- * Beijing Capital Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, Central Theater Command, People's Liberation Army
- * Personnel of the Lao People's Armed Forces
- * 032 Military Unit, Mongolian Armed Forces
- * Honour Guard of the TatmadawSuvorov Military SchoolNakhimov Naval SchoolKronstadt Sea Cadet CorpsMoscow Young Army Patriotic Cadets Unit Unit of Participants of the Special Military Operation
- Combined Regiment of the Russian Ground Forces
- * Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
- * Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
- * Military Logistics Academy "General of the Army A. V. Khrulev"
- * Grand Duke Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy
- Combined regiment of female cadets of Armed Forces educational institution
- Combined Regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces
- * Zhukovsky - Gagarin Air Force Academy
- * Military Space Academy "Alexander Mozhaysky"
- Combined Regiment of the Russian Navy
- * Baltic Naval Institute "Admiral Feodor Ushakov"
- * Naval Polytechnic Institute
- * Peter the Great Sea Cadet Corps
- * Pacific Naval Institute "Admiral Sergei Makarov" Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile ForcesRyazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School "General of the Army Vasily Margelov"Moscow Border Institute of the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation "Moscow City Council"
- Engineering Troops Unit formed by Cadets of the Tyumen Higher Comand School and servicemen of the 1st, the 28th and 45th Engineering Brigades38th Independent Railway Brigade of the Russian Railway TroopsNBC Protection Military Academy "Marshal Semyon Timoshenko"
- Parade Unit of the Military PoliceCivil Defense Academy of the Ministry of Emergency SituationsSeparate Operational Purpose Division of the National Guard Forces Command, Federal National Guard Troops Service of the Russian Federation "Felix Dzerzhinsky"Cossacks from the Kuban and Terek Cossack Hosts
- ''Moscow Higher Military Command School "Supreme Soviet of Russia"''
Mobile column
T-34/85 medium tanksSU-100 tank destroyersTigr-M infantry mobility vehicle ZA-SpN "Titan" infantry mobility vehiclesTyphoon-K53949 "Phoenix" infantry mobility vehiclesLinza medical evacuation vehiclesBRM-1K reconnaissance vehicles BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles BMP-3M & Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicles T-72B3M main battle tanks T-80BVM main battle tanks T-90M "Proryv" main battle tanks 2S19 Msta-S self-propelled howitzers 2S44 Giatsint-K & 2S43 Malva self-propelled howitzersTornado-S multiple rocket launchersTOS-2 "Tosochka" heavy flamethrower systems9K720 Iskander-M short-range ballistic missile systems- Trucks with Orlan, Lancet & Geran-2 launchers S-400 "Triumf" surface-to-air missile systems BMD-4 & BTR-MDM "Rakushka" infantry fighting vehicles RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile systems VPK-7829 Bumerang infantry fighting vehicles
Aerial column
Sukhoi Su-30 & Mikoyan MiG-29 fighters planes Sukhoi Su-25 attack aircraftMusic
Music was performed by the massed bands of the Moscow Garrison, commanded by Major general Timofey Mayakin.Inspection of Troops
- Sacred War by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
- Jubilee Slow March "25 Years of the Red Army" by Semyon Tchernetsky
- March of the Life-Guard Preobrazhensky Regiment
- Slow March of Military Schools by Semyon Tchernetsky
- Slow March for Carrying Out the Combat Banner Dmitriy Kadeyev
- Guards Slow March of the Navy by Nikolay Ivanov-Radkevich
- Slow March by Yevgeniy Aksyonov
- Slav'sya by Mikhail Glinka
- Moscow Parade Fanfare
- State Anthem of the Russian Federation by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
- Signal Retreat
- Drum and Fife based on the theme from the March "General Miloradovich" by Valeriy Khalilov
- Metropolitan March by Viktor Runov
- Triumph of the Winners
- March Cossacks in Berlin by the Pokrass Brothers
- Salute to Moscow by Semyon Tchernetsky
- Phalanx March by Dmitriy Pertsev
- Moscow in May by the Pokrass Brothers
- March of the Nakhimov Naval Cadets by Vasiliy Solovyov-Sedoy
- Sports March by Valentin Volkov
- On Guard for Peace by Boris Diyev
- In Defense of the Motherland by Viktor Runov
- Katyusha by Matvey Blanter
- Air March by Yuriy Khayt
- I Believe, My Friends by Oskar Fel'tsman
- March The Sea is Calling by Aleksandra Pakhmutova
- March of the Artillerymen by Tikhon Khrennikov
- We Need One Victory by Bulat Okudzhava
- March Leningrad by Viktor Runov
- March Parade by Semyon Tchernetsky
- Song of the Perturbed Youth by Aleksandra Pakhmutova
- To Serve Russia by Eduard Khanok
- March Cossacks in Berlin by the Pokrass Brothers
- Let's Go by Vasiliy Solovyov-Sedoy
- Drum and Fife based on the theme from the March "General Miloradovich" by Valeriy Khalilov
- Triumph of the Winners
- Invincible and Legendary by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
- March Small Land by Aleksandra Pakhmutova
- March Three Tankmen by the Pokrass Brothers
- March of the Soviet Tankists by the Pokrass Brothers
- March Joy of the Victory by Vasiliy Bekker
- March Hero
- Long Live Our State by Boris Aleksandrov
- Air March by Yuriy Khayt
- March Victory Day by David Tukhmanov
- Eternal Flame by Rafail Khozak
- Adagio by Valeriy Khalilov
- State Anthem of the Russian Federation by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
- Silence by Lev Gurov
- The Sacred War by Aleksandr Aleksandrov
- Flagship March by Aleksandr Rozenbaum
- We Need One Victory by Bulat Okudzhava
- Ballad of a Soldier by Mikhail Matusovskiy
Announced ceasefire
Before the parade, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced a ceasefire during the Russo-Ukrainian war. Putin wanted the announced ceasefire to last only three days, from 8 to 11 May, and rejected a proposal of having a ceasefire for 30 days. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy rejected Putin's proposal and reiterated his support for an earlier proposal for a 30-day ceasefire.During the ceasefire announced by Russia, the Russian forces continued the attacks on Ukraine. Ukrainian drone attacks forced Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow to repeatedly suspend operations, forcing Serbian President Vučić's flight to make a stopover in Azerbaijan. Putin's spokesperson Dmitry Peskov condemned "the Kyiv regime" and "its propensity for terrorist acts". President Zelenskyy warned that Ukraine "cannot be responsible for what happens" in Russia due to the war in Ukraine, and won't be "playing games to create a pleasant atmosphere to allow for Putin's exit from isolation on May 9."