1979 Fastnet Race


The 1979 Fastnet Race was the 28th Royal Ocean Racing Club's Fastnet Race, a yachting race held generally every two years since 1925 on a course from Cowes direct to the Fastnet Rock and then to Plymouth via south of the Isles of Scilly. In 1979, it was the climax of the five-race Admiral's Cup competition, as it had been since 1957. Immediately, and ever since, the 1979 race has been known worldwide as the deadliest in yachting history.
A worse-than-expected European windstorm on the third day of the race wreaked havoc on the 303 yachts that started the biennial race, resulting in 21 fatalities during the early morning hours of 14 August in the Celtic Sea. Emergency services, naval forces, and civilian vessels from around the west side of the English Channel were summoned to aid what became the largest ever rescue operation in peace-time. This involved some 4,000 people, including the entire Irish Naval Service's fleet, lifeboats, commercial boats, and helicopters.

Meteorological history

The 1979 race started on 11 August. The BBC Radio Shipping Forecast, broadcast at 13:55 that day, predicted "south-westerly winds, force four to five increasing to force six to seven for a time." By 13 August, winds were reported at Force 6 with gusts of Force 7, and forecasters were predicting winds of Force 8. The leading boat, Kialoa, trailed closely by Condor of Bermuda, was on course to break the Fastnet record set eight years earlier.
A large depression named "low Y" formed over the Atlantic Ocean during the weekend of 11–12 August. On 13 August it began to intensify rapidly and turn northeastwards, reaching about southwest of Ireland. By the 14th, the low was centred over Wexford. Land-based weather stations reported gale-force winds, with the strongest winds out to sea over the race area. The UK Meteorological Office assessed the maximum winds as Force 10 on the Beaufort scale; the majority of race competitors estimated the winds to have reached or exceeded Force 11. The official inquiry reported wind speeds reaching with little or no advance warning, and wave heights reaching in conflicting directions, conditions that were especially destructive for the smaller sailboats. The lowest recorded pressure was 979 hPa.

Disaster and rescue mission

Over 13-14 August, of the 303 yachts that started, 24 were abandoned, of which five were lost and believed to be sunk, due to high winds and severe sea conditions. The Daily Telegraph described the situation, where "Royal Navy ships, RAF Nimrod jets, helicopters, lifeboats, a Dutch warship HNLMS Overijssel and other craft picked up 125 yachtsmen whose boats had been caught in Force 11 violent storm strength gusts midway between Land's End and Fastnet". The effort also included tugs, trawlers, and tankers.
The coastguard requested support, resulting in a Nimrod aircraft from RAF Kinloss being ordered to the scene to act as the Scene of Search Coordinator. As the scale of the disaster became apparent, other rescue assets were requested and was ordered to the scene, taking over as the Scene of Search Coordinator on arrival at 17:30 on 14 August.
Fifteen competitors died in the race; at least 75 boats capsized and five sank. Adopting heaving to as a storm tactic proved to be a good preventive of capsize and turtling during the race. Lin Pardey wrote that none of the yachts which hove to were capsized or suffered any serious damage, but the official inquiry makes no such conclusion. One Fastnet participant, John Rousmaniere, wrote:
The disaster resulted in a major rethink of racing, risks and prevention. Many safety improvements followed.

Finishing yachts

The handicap winner was the yacht Tenacious, designed by Sparkman & Stephens and owned and skippered by Ted Turner. The winner of line honours was the SV Condor of Bermuda, skippered by Peter Blake, which gained around 90 minutes on the leader, the SV Kialoa, after rounding the Fastnet rock, by the calculated risk of setting a spinnaker sail in the high wind conditions. Jim Kilroy of the Kialoa had broken his ribs and there was damage to the yacht's runners. SV Condor of Bermuda broke the Fastnet record by nearly eight hours.

Handicap results (first three in each class)

'''Notes'''

Yachts that did not finish

Of the 303 starters, only 86 finished. There were 194 retirements and 24 abandonments.
Early press reports were often confused. The Daily Telegraph reported that 69 yachts did not finish.Accanito of France, broken rudder. Towed.Allamader. Abandoned.Alpha IIAmanda KuluAndiano RobinAngusturaAnimalAriadne. Abandoned. *ArkadinaAsteriesAutonomy. Towed to Dunmore East.BallydonnaBattle CryBilly Bones. Abandoned.Blue DolphinBonaventure of Britain. Abandoned.Cabadah Ocean Wave OptionCallirhaex 3. Abandoned.Camargue of Britain. Abandoned.Casse TeteCharioteer of Britain. Sunk.Combat II. Retired to Cork.CorkerCrazy HorseDétenteDouble O TwoEniaEvergreenFarthingFiestina Tertia. Abandoned. *Finndabar. Abandoned.Gan. Abandoned.GekkoGolden Apple of Ireland, disabled. Abandoned. Crew rescued by Royal Navy Wessex Helicopter.Golden LeighGood in Tension A High Tension 36. Two knockdowns. Retired from race. Sailed to Crosshaven, Cork. Towed within the harbour by fishing vessel Mona Lisa.Griffin Abandoned – crew rescued from liferaft by LoreleiGrimalkin. Abandoned and subsequently recovered.Gringo. Reported as 'believed sunk'.Gunslinger. Broken rudder stock.Hestral. Abandoned. Crew of 6 rescued by Royal Navy helicopter.HoodlumImpetuousInnovationJan Pott of Flensburg, Germany. Broken mast.JuggernautKamisado, a UFO 34. Apart from two knockdowns Kamisado coped effectively with the storm and retired to Plymouth.Kestel. Abandoned.KorsarLa BarbarelleLittle EllaMagic of Britain. Sunk.Maligawa III. Abandoned.Marionette VIIMexxaniniMordicus Belgique, won 1981Morning GloryMulligatawnyMutinePachenaPegasusOcean WaveOption2 of France, GranvillePepsi of Scotland. Broken rudder stock. Retired, no steerage. Several knockdowns. No communications. After 24 hrs towed by a French trawler into Kinsale. Pepsi of HollandPinball WizardPolar Bear of Britain. Sunk. Crew rescued.Polyhymnia. Retired and made her own way back to Plymouth.Regardless of Cork, broken rudder. Assisted by. Towed by Barnett-class lifeboat.Samurai IISandettie, a UFO 34 which was rolled, dismasted and swamped. However, Sandettie's crew were able to jury rig emergency rigging and sail to Land's End, whence they were towed to Penzance.ScaldisScaramouche. Retired and made her own way back to Plymouth. Steve Cross remarked: "Although we hadn't the satisfaction of being one of the 88 which rounded 'the rock' we were content in knowing that we had brought the boat and ourselves back in one piece."Schuttevaer of HollandSilver Apple of Howth: lost steering, assisted by, made a jury steering rig, retired to Courtmacsherry under her own power.SinndkabarSkatSophiaSophie B Tam O'ShanterTarantula of France Thunderer RAOC Trophy. Abandoned.Trumpeter. Retired after two knockdowns.Tiderace IV. Abandoned.Wild Goose of SingaporeYachtman of Spain
  • ''Zap''

Craft that assisted the rescue mission

Over 4,000 people aided in the rescue efforts. The Royal Navy coordinated efforts to find around 80 vessels and rescue 136 crew members. Many organizations made key contributions:

Coastguard

  • Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre, HMCG Land's End, UK
  • MRCC Falmouth, UK
  • MRCC Shannon, Ireland
  • MRSC Brixham, UK
  • Cross A, France

Royal Navy

Royal Netherlands Navy

  • , destroyer

Irish Naval Service

United States Navy

  • , submarine tender, Holy Loch, Scotland

Lifeboats

These RNLI lifeboats spent 75 hours at sea in winds:
Other RNLI Lifeboats called include,,,,, and.

Royal Air Force

Irish Air Corps

  • Beechcraft Kingair maritime patrol
  • Alouette helicopter

Royal Ocean Racing Club

Morningtown, Rodney Hill's Oyster 39 acted as the RORC escort and radio relay boat and was responsible for relaying the positions of the racing fleet.

Fatalities and memorials

Between drowning and exposure, the storm killed 15 yachtsmen who were competing in the race, the deadliest in yachting history:
  • Paul Baldwin
  • Robin Bowyer
  • SLt Russell Brown
  • David Crisp
  • Peter Dorey
  • Peter Everson
  • Frank Ferris
  • William Le Fevre
  • John Puxley
  • Robert Robie
  • David Sheahan
  • SLt Charles Steavenson
  • Roger Watts
  • Gerrit-Jan Williahey or Willerink
  • Gerald Winks
In addition, the storm killed 6 observers who were aboard two yachts shadowing the fleet to view the race:
The Fastnet Race Memorial at Holy Trinity Church, Cowes, Isle of Wight, was created in 2009 and lists 19 fatalities: the 15 competitors and the observers from Bucks Fizz. A similar memorial at Cape Clear Island harbour was first created in 2003, then updated in 2015 to list all 21 fatalities, including the observers from Tempean whose names were not widely publicized until then.