1958 Kuril Islands earthquake
The 1958 Kuril Islands earthquake or Etorofu earthquake was a earthquake that struck near the Kuril island of Iturup on November 6, 1958, at 22:58 UTC, or 09:58 on the 7th local time. The earthquake occurred as the result of shallow reverse faulting along the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, and caused Modified Mercalli Intensity X shaking, as well as a tsunami high. Iturup sustained significant damage as a result of the shaking and tsunami, with other locations along the Kuril Islands also reporting strong damage.
Tectonic setting
The Kuril Islands lie along the seismically active convergent boundary between the Pacific plate and the Okhotsk plate. The trench that accommodates this subduction—the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, accommodates the convergence at a rate of /yr, with rates increasing from north to south. This active subduction zone spawns many large Kamchatka earthquakes with strong earthquakes along the trench occurring in 1737, 1841, February 1923, April 1923, 1952, 1959, and in 1963.Earthquake
The earthquake struck at 09:58 on November 7 locally, or 22:58 on the 6th in UTC. The earthquake occurred at a depth of, with a moment magnitude of. The International Seismological Centre estimated the surface-wave magnitude for this event at. Maximum felt intensities associated with the earthquake were X on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale in Lake Iturup. The earthquake occurred as the result of reverse faulting along the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Despite having a relatively short aftershock area of long by wide, the earthquake had a high stress drop and large felt area. A 1979 study attributes this to an unusually long interval between ruptures, which allowed more stress to build up.Tsunami
The tsunami from this earthquake reportedly reached up to in height at Shikotan Island, at Iturup, and up to in northern Hokkaido. Midway and Hawaii also recorded many runups, including a measurement in Kahului, Maui, and a runup in Midway. Attu Island, Alaska and Wake Island recorded tsunami, with Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, Pagopago, Samoa recording. In California, San Francisco recorded tsunami heights, and Port Hueneme recorded tsunami as well. Tsunami waves reached as far as Talara, Peru. A tsunami warning was issued for coastal Hokkaido and portions of Honshu, however the feared tsunami failed to materialize.A aftershock on November 12 caused another tsunami with runups reaching at Iturup and at Hachinohe, Japan. Sweeper Cove in Adak Island recorded a tsunami, which was larger than that of the main shock's in the same area.