1947 in India

Incumbents

• Emperor of India – George VI until 15 August
• King of India – George VI from 15 August
• Viceroy of India – The Viscount Wavell
• Viceroy of India – The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
• Governor-General of the Union of India – The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
• Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru

Events

• National income - 85,101 million

January - June

• 20 February - Clement Attlee informs of decision to leave India by 1948.
• 1 March - Partition of India is finalised by Lord Mountbatten. Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe was setup to partition Punjab & Bengal.
• 2 March - Sir Khizar Hayat Tiwana, leader of the Unionist Party (Punjab) and Premier of pre-Partition Punjab, resigns in protest against the Partition.
• 5 March - On the eve of Hindu festival of Holi, armed Muslim mobs started attacking Hindus and Sikhs in several cities of West Punjab, including the cantonment town of Rawalpindi and Multan, killing close to 200 in the latter with the casualties being mostly Hindu. This marked the beginning of the 1947 Rawalpindi massacres.
• 15 March – Hindus and Muslims clash in Punjab.
• 15 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his first effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim majority Kashmir.
• 16 March - Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir disapproves of Lord Mountbatten's proposal.
• 22 March - Lord Mountbatten arrives in India.
• 25 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his second effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir.
• 26 March - Jawaharlal Nehru disapproves of Lord Mountbatten's proposal but Muhammad Ali Jinnah accepts the proposal of Lord Mountbatten.
• 2 April - Lord Mountbatten attempts his third effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir. Gandhi starts his fast to keep India united.
• 5 April - Talks on stopping the Partition of Bengal & conducting the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir fails as Jawaharlal Nehru & Maharaja Hari Singh disapprove of Lord Mountbatten's proposal. Proposal stands 2-1 in favour of the Partition of Bengal.
• 15 April - On the Bengali new year's day, Lord Mountbatten attempts his last ditch effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir. Sir Radcliffe lends support to Lord Mountbatten as the proposal stands tied 2-2.
• 1 May - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee writes to Lord Mountbatten & Sir Radcliffe demanding a plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal. Proposal stands 3-2 in favour of the Partition of Bengal.
• 18 May - Gandhi gives approval to the Partition of India after massive riots break out in Punjab & Bengal
• 23 May - The Partition of Bengal was finalized. West Bengal was slated to have Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, & Dinajpur Districts along with other Western districts of Undivided Bengal. A Total of area was given to West Bengal.
• 31 May - First Illegal Plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal happens. Kolkata, Sunderbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi, & Rangpur divisions of Bengal vote.
• 1 June - Second Illegal Plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal happens. Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet, & Chattogram vote in favour of joining East Pakistan.
• 4 June - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee participated despite Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy pleading him not to participate. Mukherjee loses the Plebiscite. He becomes runner-up even after Fazlull Haque, the candidate of Muslim League abstained. The Muslim League then started Second Direct Action Day in Kolkata, to get Kolkata, Sundarbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi, & Rangpur divisions to join East Pakistan. 1000-5000 people killed in Kolkata Riots on 4 June 1947. Again after 16 August 1946, Gopal Chandra Mukherjee also known as Gopal Patha, his aides Gopalnath Bhattacharya also known as Boro Gopal, & Chandi Upadhyay, cousin brother of Deendayal Upadhyay raided the second head office of Muslim League in Kolkata with 20,000 people to save Kolkata, Sundarbans, Jessore, Khulna, & Barisal from going into East Pakistan. All Muslim League leaders abandon second head office in Kolkata & flee to Dhaka.
• 7 June - Malda & Murshidabad, which were given to East Pakistan, were forcibly swapped with Jessore, Khulna, & Barisal. Kolkata was saved & Sundarbans was divided between India & East Pakistan. West Bengal lost due to this Illegal Plebiscite, became area. This was a huge mistake done by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee by participating in the Illegal Kolkata plebiscite, falling in trap of Muslim League.

July - December

• July - August – 1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election
• 5 July – The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament.
• 18 July – The Indian Independence Act received royal assent from the then British monarch, George VI.
• 22 July – Constituent Assembly of India officially adopted the Tricolour flag as the National Flag.
• 30 July – Travancore formally accedes to join Dominion of India. Though it was integrated into the Dominion of India in July 1949.
• 7 August – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport.
• 15 August – British India is dissolved and the Dominion of India gains its independence from the United Kingdom. A largely Hindu India and a Muslim Pakistan are created by partitions of the subcontinent, with Punjab and Bengal divided along religious-demographic boundaries between the two. Hindu – Muslim riots break out along both the western and eastern borders. Mass transfer of refugees takes place from the successor states of India to Pakistan and vice versa. The monarch of Kashmir signs instrument of accession with India in the face of heavy attack from Pakistani tribals, but at the same time he had signed a Standstill agreement with Pakistan. Mountbatten remains the Governor-general of India as wished by the Indians and Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Prime Minister of India. Nehru unfurls the Indian tricolor on the ramparts of the Red Fort, symbolically marking the end of British colonial rule.
• August – October – Thousands massacred & 1 million migrations in Punjab.
• 13 September – Prime Minister Nehru suggests the transfer of 10 million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan.
• 27 October – Jammu and Kashmir formally accepts to join the Dominion of India. Indian military is airlifted to Kashmir to counter the invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan. War breaks out between Indian and Pakistani forces in Kashmir. Pakistani tribal militias temporarily surrendered the area of Azad Kashmir that they had barricaded, as Indian forces pushed them back. With this, India gained de facto control of all the regions Jammu and Kashmir but temporarily. Also, Jammu and Kashmir became the first state of the Dominion of India, as the former directly administered regions were called provinces until 1950, and the title for the indirectly ruled princely regions was simply ‘state’. Although most of the other princely regions acceded earlier, they were not administratively integrated, whereas Jammu and Kashmir was, due to the airlifting of Indian forces.
• 30 October – Sheikh Abdullah formed the Emergency Government in the state of Jammu and Kashmir to cooperate with the process of integration into India, thereby ending the monarch’s rule.
• 31 October – The AJK government regained control over the Azad Kashmir areas, making India lose 12,383 square kilometres of area.
• 1 November – Major William Brown of the Gilgit Scouts led a coup against the Maharaja's appointed governor of the Gilgit region of Jammu and Kashmir, Ghansara Singh, liberating the Gilgit region from India's rule and paving the way for its integration into Pakistan.
• 9 November – Junagadh joins the Dominion of India
• 16 November – Pakistan officially took control of Gilgit, making India lose 48,660 sq km of area.
• 15 December - Fifteen states join Orissa Province
• 16 December - Eleven Chhattisgarhi states join Central Provinces and Berar.

Law

• 10 August - Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe finally partitioned India. of area in Punjab got divided with going to West Pakistan. Remaining joins India as East Punjab. of area in Bengal got divided with going to East Pakistan. Remaining joins India as West Bengal..
• Indian Independence Act
• Industrial Disputes Act
• Gauhati University Act
• Roorkee University Act
• Rubber Act
• Indian Nursing Council Act
• Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
• Armed Forces Act
• United Nations Act
• United Nations Act

Births

• 8 January – Harish Naval, international literary journal chief editor.
• 2 June – Saint Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Sikh theologian and leader.
• 19 June – Salman Rushdie, novelist.
• 1 July – Sharad Yadav, politician
• 5 July – Lalji Singh, molecular biologist..
• 6 August – Srinivasa Prasad, politician.
• 15 August – Raakhee, Bollywood actress.
• 17 October – Simi Garewal, actress.

Deaths

• 13 May – Sukanta Bhattacharya, Bengali poet.