1934 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1934 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Incumbents
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
- Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov
Events
- January 26 – February 10 — 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
- September 18 — Soviet Union joins the League of Nations as a permanent Board member
Undated
- Plans for the new T-34 tank are first drawn up
- Second Five Year plan underway
Births
- January 4 — Zurab Tsereteli, Georgian painter, sculptor and architect
- January 7 — Viktor Pavlovich Potapov, military officer
- February 1 — Marina Kondratyeva, ballerina
- February 2 — Otar Iosseliani, Georgian film director
- February 7 — Murtaza Rakhimov, 1st President of Bashkortostan
- March 1 — Elmira Gafarova, 14th Chairwoman of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan
- March 9 — Yuri Gagarin, first man in space
- March 12 — Vladimir Stolnikov, boxer
- March 23 — Ludvig Faddeev, physicist and mathematician
- April 7 — Lev Anninsky, Russian literary critic, historian and screenwriter
- April 13 — Alexander Dzasokhov, 2nd President of North Ossetia
- May 4 — Tatiana Samoilova, actress
- May 8 — Anastasiya Kobzarenko, librarian
- May 13 — Yury Morozov, football player and coach
- May 14 — Nikolay Gusakov, nordic combined skier
- May 29 — Nikolai Bakhvalov, mathematician
- May 30 — Alexei Leonov, cosmonaut and aviator
- June 14 — Viktor Bortsov, theatrical and cinema actor
- June 22 — Otto Latsis, Russian journalist
- July 13 — Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
- August 2 — Valery Bykovsky, cosmonaut
- August 10 — Valeri Urin, football player and coach
- August 11 — Viktor Tolmachev, engineer
- August 21 — Gennadiy Aygi, Chuvash poet and translator
- August 29 — Gennady Kazmin, politician
- August 30 — Anatoly Solonitsyn, actor
- September 1 — Mikhail Lapshin, 4th Head of the Altai Republic
- September 4 — Eduard Khil, baritone
- September 13 — Tamara Milashkina, soprano
- September 16 — Tamara Manina, artistic gymnast
- September 19 — Apas Jumagulov, 3rd Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
- October 13 — Savely Kramarov, actor and comedian
- November 9 — Tengiz Sigua, 2nd Prime Minister of Georgia
- December 3 — Viktor Gorbatko, cosmonaut
- December 8 — Alisa Freindlich, actress
- December 15 — Stanislav Shushkevich, 1st Chairman of the Supreme Council of Belarus
- December 18 — Boris Volynov, cosmonaut
Deaths
- May 10 — Vyacheslav Menzhinsky, 2nd Chairman of the OPGU
- June 11 — Lev Vygotsky, psychologist
- July 6 — Nestor Makhno, anarchist
- July 14 — Valerian Dovgalevsky, 5th People's Commissar of the Posts and Telegraphs of the Russian SFSR
- October 14 — Mikhail Matyushin, painter and composer
- December 1 — Sergei Kirov, 8th First Secretary of the Leningrad City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union