1781 in music

Events

• March – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart moves to Vienna to pursue his career. Although he is passed over in favour of Antonio Salieri as music teacher of Princess of Württemberg, he never returns permanently to Salzburg.
• June 27 – Mozart writes of his new pupil and admirer, Josepha Barbara Auernhammer: "I am almost every day after dinner at H: v: Auernhammer – The freulle is a monster!".
• July 29 – Mozart receives the original libretto of his next opera, Die Entführung aus dem Serail from the director of the Nationalsingspiel, Gottlieb Stephanie.
• October 12 – First bagpipes competition in the Masonic Arms, Falkirk, Scotland.
• Étienne Méhul makes his first, unsuccessful attempts at orchestral composition.
• Approximate date – Christian Gottlob Neefe, court organist in Bonn, takes on the young Ludwig van Beethoven as a pupil.

Classical music

• Samuel Arnold – 6 Overtures in Eight Parts, Op. 8
• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
• *6 Fugues, Wq.119/2-7
• *Geistliche Gesänge, Book 2 Wq. 198, H. 752
• Johann Christian Bach – Sonata for Keyboard Duet, W.A 19
• William Billings – The Psalm-Singer's Amusement
• Luigi Boccherini
• *6 String Quartets, G.207–212
• *Stabat Mater, G.532
• Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf – Symphonies after Ovid's Metamorphoses, Kr.73–84
• Joseph Haydn
• *Symphony No.75 in D major, Hob.I:75
• *Horn Concerto No.2 in D major, Hob.VIId:4
• *24 Lieder, Hob.XXVIa:1–24
• *Six String Quartets, Op. 33
• Leopold Kozeluch – Sonata for Keyboard in F, "La chasse", Op. 5
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• *6 Variations on "Hélas, j'ai perdu mon amant", K.360/374b
• *Serenade in B-flat major, Gran Partita, K. 361
• *Misera, dove son!, K.369
• *Rondo in E-flat major, K.371
• *Serenade in E-flat major, K.375
• *Violin Sonata in F major, K.376/374d
• *Violin Sonata in F major, K.377/374e
• *Violin Sonata in G major, K.379/373a
• *Violin Sonata in E-flat major, K.380/374f
• *Sonata for 2 Pianos in D major, K.448/375a
• Giovanni Paisiello – Concerto for Keyboard No. 1 in C major
• John Parry – British harmony, being a collection of antient Welsh airs... carefully compiled and now first published with some additional variations
• Antonio Rosetti – 6 Flute Concerti
• Charlotte Amelie Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg – Canzonette fürs Klavier mit Veränderungen
• Samuel Wesley – Concerto for Violin No. 2 in D major
• Paul Wranitzky – Sinfonie Périodique No.2 in C minor

Opera

• Miles Peter Andrews & Samuel Arnold – The Baron Kinkvervankotsdorsprakingatchdern
• Antonio Calegari – Deucalione e Pirra
• Domenico Cimarosa
• *Alessandro nell'Indie
• *L'amante combattuto dalle donne di punto
• *Giannina e Bernardone
• *Giunio Bruto
• *Il pittore parigino
• Elizabeth Craven et al. – The Silver Tankard
• Nicolas Dalayrac – Le Chevalier à la mode
• Marc-Antoine Désaugiers – Les Deux sylphes
• Joseph Haydn – La fedeltà premiata
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Idomeneo
• Niccolò Piccinni – Iphigenie en Tauride
• Antonio Salieri – Der Rauchfangkehrer
• Giuseppe Sarti – Giulio Sabino
• Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli – ''Montesuma''

Methods and theory writings

• Marmaduke Overend – A Brief Account of, and an Introduction to, 8 Lectures in the Science of Music
• Christoph Benjamin Schmidtchen – ''Kurzgefaßte Anfangsgründe auf das Clavier für Anfänger''

Births

• January 22 – François Antoine Habeneck, violinist and conductor
• March 11 – Anthony Philip Heinrich, composer
• March 18 – Gustave Vogt, composer and oboist
• May 24 – Louis-François Dauprat, French composer
• July 20 – Sophie Lebrun, pianist and composer, daughter of Ludwig August Lebrun
• July 27 – Mauro Giuliani, guitarist, cellist and composer
• September 1 – Antoine Romagnesi
• September 5 – Anton Diabelli, music publisher, editor and composer
• September 6 – Vincent Novello, organist and conductor
• November 9 – Carl Borromäus von Miltitz, composer
• November 18 – Felice Blangini, organist and composer
• December 1 – Charles Philippe Lafont, violinist and composer

Deaths

• January 22 – Johann Siebenkas, composer
• February 4 – Josef Mysliveček, composer
• March 17 – Johannes Ewald, librettist and dramatist
• May 22 – Garret Wesley Mornington, composer
• July 11 – Adolph Carl Kunzen, composer
• July 30 – Augustin Ullinger, composer
• August 16 – Johanna Carolina Bach, daughter of JS Bach
• October 9 – Thomas Erskine, 6th Earl of Kellie, musician and composer
• October 27 – Herman-François Delange
• October – Anton Zimmermann, composer
• November 4 – Faustina Bordoni, operatic mezzo-soprano
• date unknown – William Paxton, cellist