1297
Year 1297 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- January 8 - Guelph forces, led by the Genoese leader François Grimaldi, storm and capture the Rock of Monaco. François, disguised as a Franciscan friar, gains entry to the city, and opens the gates for his soldiers. He seizes the castle with his stepson Rainier I, an event that is commemorated on the coat of arms of Monaco. Rainier becomes the first sovereign ruler of the House of Grimaldi in Monaco; he rules initially until 1301, but the family will be ruling there into the 21st century.
- Treaty of Alcañices: Kings Denis of Portugal and 11-year-old Ferdinand IV of Castile sign a treaty between Portugal and Castile, which establishes an alliance of friendship and mutual defense, leading to a peace of 40 years between the two kingdoms.
- August 20 - Battle of Furnes: French forces under Robert II defeat the Flemings at Veurne. During the battle, Robert's son Philip of Artois is gravely wounded and dies a year later of his wounds.
British Isles
- April 14 - King Edward I of England makes an appeal outside Westminster Hall for support for the war against France. He apologizes for the high tax demands he has previously levied. Edward asks the Barons to swear allegiance to his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Caernarfon. Aware of the dangers of the opposition to his power, Edward appears before a large crowd and receives total loyalty.
- May - William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader, leads an uprising against the English at Lanark and kills Sheriff William Hesselrig. He joins with William Douglas the Hardy, the first Scottish nobleman in rebellion – combining forces at Sanquhar, Durisdeer and Scone Abbey in June. Later, Wallace captures the English treasury at Scone to finance the rebellion against Edward I of England.
- Summer - Edward I of England orders a punitive expedition against the rebellious Scots. At Roxburgh, an army of some 9,000 men led by John de Warenne is assembled. Meanwhile, William Wallace leaves the forest of Selkirk with reinforcements and turns his attention north of the River Forth.
- July - In Scotland, a group of nobles forms a confederacy, but are defeated by English troops at Irvine. An agreement of submission to Edward I of England is signed by the future Scottish king Robert the Bruce and other Scottish leaders.
- August 22 - Edward I of England leads an expedition to Flanders. He moves with an army supported by 800 knights to Ghent and makes the city his base of operations in Flanders.
- September 11 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scottish forces led by Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat an English army under John de Warenne at Stirling on the Forth.
- October-November - Scottish forces led by William Wallace begin raids in Northumberland and Cumberland. During a ceremony at Selkirk, Wallace is knighted and appointed Guardian of Scotland.
- Winter - Edward I of England accepts a truce proposed by King Philip IV of France and leaves Flanders. He returns to London and prepares a campaign against William Wallace in Scotland.
By topic
Religion
- May 3 - Stefano Colonna, Italian chief magistrate and papal official, captures the treasure of the tomb of Caecilia Metella near Rome, which is sent by the rival Caetani family to Pope Boniface VIII.
- July 11 - King Louis IX of France is canonized by Boniface VIII. Louis a devout Christian of the Catholic Church, banned during his reign prostitution, gambling, blasphemy and judicial duels.
- Boniface VIII attempts to end the rivalry between Genoa and Pisa over the Tyrrhenian islands of Sardinia and Corsica, naming King James II of Aragon as regent of the islands.
- A Portuguese Water Dog is first described in a monk's report of a drowning sailor, who has been pulled from the sea by a dog.